Tuesday, November 19, 2019

נקראת על שם גומרה?

I just came across this
On July 17, Dr. Henry Abramson wrote an article for the Orthodox Union website titled “Meet the Non-Jew Who Put the ‘Daf’ in ‘Daf Yomi.’” In his article, Dr. Abramson argued that there is a need to give credit to Daniel Bomberg, the non-Jew who paid Jewish scholars to clean up the Talmud text from the handwritten manuscripts of the time and create the printed page that we find today. Abramson notes that Bomberg, who did copy the Soncino editions, added page numbers and states: “Yet by standardizing the Daf, Bomberg made possible the notion of an international, coordinated study of the Talmud.”

However, throughout his article, Dr. Abramson mentions that the Daf Yomi concept was a “brainchild” of Rabbi Meir Shapiro in 1923. According to Abramson and others, Shapiro sought to use the Daf Yomi as a way of bringing together a fractured Jewish people under the umbrella of Jewish study, a myth that we will hear often as we approach the Siyum Hashas in January 2020. While Dr. Abramson is undoubtedly correct in crediting Daniel Bomberg with the critically important work of standardizing the Talmudic text so that Jews all over the world can all use it in an instantly recognizable fashion, and Rabbi Shapiro played a critical role in pushing the idea forward, the inspiration for the concept of Daf Yomi belongs to a different rabbi who has not received his proper due: Rabbi Moshe Menachem Mendel Spivak (no known relation to the author of this article).

Rabbi Eliezer Katzman, in a 1997 article in the Jewish Observer (1997) titled “An Unsung Hero: Rabbi Moshe Menachem Mendel Spivak, The Martyred Originator of the Daf Yomi Concept, Who Steered the Folio-a-Day Plan From a Dream to Reality,” illuminates Rabbi Spivak’s key role. This research was later expanded upon in the program given out to the 92,000 participants of the 12th Siyum Hashas at MetLife Stadium on August 1, 2012.

In 1919, Alexander Zusia Friedman (August 1897–November 1943), a prominent Polish rabbi who would be murdered at Trawniki concentration camp, created and served as editor for the first Agudath Israel publication titled “Digleinu” (our banner). The 1920 (AV 5681) issue of Digleinu (Vol. I, No. 7, which is found on Hebrewbooks.org page 42,43) contained a proposal by Rabbi Spivak to organize a worldwide “Chevra Shas,” involving businessmen, laborers and workers to study a blatt Gemara each day to complete shas. When the idea did not get the traction that Rabbi Spivak, then the rabbi of Krasnobrod near Lublin and the author of the work Mateh Moshe, felt it deserved, he approached the Lubliner Rebbe, Rabbi Meir Shapiro (March 3, 1887–October 27, 1933). Rabbi Spivak’s idea was for Rabbi Shapiro to speak about the nascent Day Yomi plan at the May 22–28, 1924, cornerstone-laying ceremony for the construction of the Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin building, a yeshiva founded by Rabbi Shapiro. Rabbi Shapiro felt this was not the right forum to introduce the concept. Instead he chose to speak about it at the first Knessia Gedolah, held in Vienna August 15, 1923 (Elul 3, 5683), which would be attended by the greatest rabbis of the generation and which lasted for 10 days.

Almost a century later, this meeting has gained renewed fame, thanks to brief footage showing the 90-year-old Chofetz Chaim (Rabbi Yisrael Meir Hakohen) of Radin. The Knessia introduced two programs that would forever change education in the Jewish world. The first was the introduction of formal schooling for girls under the banner of Sarah Schenirer’s Beis Yaakov. The second was the Daf Yomi program.

According to reports, Rabbi Shapiro had second thoughts about introducing the concept. He was concerned that the idea was controversial. Before speaking, Rabbi Shapiro approached the Chofetz Chaim about the idea. The Chofetz Chaim advised Rabbi Shapiro to come late to the stage, and when he entered the Chofetz Chaim rose and greeted him and ushered him to the podium.

This gave Rabbi Shapiro the support he needed and in his excitement forgot to credit Rabbi Spivak with the idea. Rabbi Shapiro later wrote Rabbi Spivak a letter apologizing for the oversight. The idea quickly took hold. The first Siyum Hashas took place on 15 Shevat, 5690 (1931), at the newly built Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin building. Tens of thousands of Jews are believed to have attended this first one. Unfortunately, Rabbi Spivak would never truly know the world-changing success of his idea as he murdered in Auschwitz. But at the upcoming siyum there will probably be more than 10 times that many participants. Rabbi Moshe Menachem Mendel Spivak may not have gotten the full credit for his inspiration, but surely his achievement continues to grow every day that people engage in the Daf Yomi program.

By Rabbi Marc Spivak

Here's the article in the JO.






Yes,   אין המצוה נקראת אלא על שם גומרה, . But that is irrelevant here for two reasons. 
First, this is is not a case where someone began but didn't finish because he lacked zerizus. This man did all he was able to do, and then entrusted the work to someone who had the better platform. (Mesillas Yesharim 7 בבאור חלקי הזריזות) If he hadn't "given it away", it never would have happened.
Even if the idea is not exclusively a criticism of atzlus, but instead a fact, that the ikker zechus of a mitzva is that of the one that merits to complete it, that would not apply here. That only applies where the second person did the maaseh mitzvah. Here, Rav Meir Shapiro did nothing - he only encouraged other people to do a maaseh mitzvah, to be kovei'a a certain order of learning. It is the people who sit and learn that are "doing" the mitzvah. What Rav Meir Shapiro did was to communicate the idea, to spread the idea that doing this in this fashion is good for the yachid and for the rabbim. You spread an idea by telling it to one person, who tells it to another, and so forth. Rabbi Spivak spread the idea no less than Rav Meir Shapiro did.  Reb Meir Shapiro had the fantastic zechus to be Rav Spivak's megaphone.
So let's not pat ourselves on the backs and toss a crumb to Rabbi Spivak. It was he that was inspired to create the program, and Klal Yisrael owes him an incalculable debt.

2 comments:

  1. The 1997 JO article had an error. The innovation of Daf Yomi was not learning a "Folio-a-day Plan". Many shuls had a chevra shas that learned at that pace. It was a "thing". See the AhS. What was new was to coordinate a single schedule, so that you can find a shiur wherever you go.

    Woah, I see I wrote this comment already on Havolim in February. So, rather than copy the AhS, I'll just include a link to there:
    https://havolim.blogspot.com/2019/02/ki-sisa-daf-yomi-and-bittul-torah.html?showComment=1550851964759#c563370491272638868

    The question is whether we will see daf yomi erode into other yomi programs as telecom allows someone who wants to learn amud yomi or some other pace or topic can continue finding a shiur even while traveling.

    Daf Yomi has become for many the default shiur. And in other communities, a daily duty divorced even from the concept of learning. "To be a 'good Jewish man' in our community, of course you learn daf!"

    So, perhaps the population won't decline.

    May we all live long enough to find out!

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    Replies
    1. Wow, good point then, and good point now. I and my shiur are notoriously behind, and it takes away from the pleasure of learning with a great tzibbur. I love this story:
      The lawyer from Washington, D.C. and the TSA agent from Columbus, Ohio. These two yidden did not know each other, yet in an instant became chavrusos.


      It occurred when attorney Judah Lifschitz was in the Columbus Airport to catch a flight home after a day in court. During security screening, a TSA agent wearing a kippah serugah approached Judah to ask whether he had learned The Daf that day. After the attorney responded affirmatively, the agent asked him to explain The Daf as he had difficulty understanding it. It was a difficult sugya in Maseches Shabbos and the two spent twenty minutes discussing it – as the other TSA agents watched in amazement.

      This was precisely the scenario that HaRav Meir Shapiro zt”l envisioned when he introduced the concept of The Daf at The Agudah’s Knessiah Gedolah in pre-war Vienna, years before commercial airline flights were scheduled: Two yidden, anywhere, instantly connected by a common Daf in Torah.

      With a video at https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/headlines-breaking-stories/1784550/video-heroes-of-the-daf-a-dream-realized.html

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