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Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts

Wednesday, December 13, 2023

Questioning your hashkafos because of apparent reality.

I remember reading that Reb Yosef Ber retracted his strong initial opposition to German post-war reparations to Israel. When he  saw how much it contributed to growth and development, how much it improved the lives of Israelis, he decided that it must have been the right thing.

You don't often see Gedolei Torah changing their hashkafos, or piskei halacha that stem from their hashkafos, on the basis of the flow of history. The Satmarer did not drop "דער שיטה"  because Eretz Yisrael became such a phenomenal wellspring of Torah. As Rav Schwab famously pointed out, a purely historical analysis of the Neis Chanuka might lead to trivializing the victory. It was essentially reversed within a hundred years with the fratricidal wars of Hyrcanus and Aristobolus and finally by Hordus, and perhaps we were worse off than before. The Ramban says this was a punishment for the Chashmonai usurpation of the throne. But despite the disastrous post-Chanuka events, we  do not say that in retrospect, it renders the original miracle meaningless.

One might say that this disregard for apparent fact is the secret of Jewish tenacity. If we thought that this endless cycle of suffering and misery was evidence of having made a mistake somewhere along the lines, we would have all long ago dropped Judaism in favor of some religion that has had a placid history. We would have all become Lutherans or Hindus.  But those of us that remain have learned to refuse to accept history as evidence. Our certainty and our faith overcomes everything. We know the truth, and we are not going to believe our lying eyes.

This came to mind because of the diametrically differing perspectives I saw in Rav Chaim Zaichyk's Ohr Chadash and in Rav Ahron's Mishnas Reb Aharon.

(What the Shevatim regretted is a well-known question with varying answers. Examples: Contrast the Seforno and the Kli Yakar. What I found interesting was how Kletzk and Novarodok used it so forcefully to support such disparate hashkafos. "Look at this! From here you see a tremendous Yesod about life as a Ye'rei Shamayim!")

Reb Aharon:

ויאמרו איש אל אחיו אבל אשמים אנחנו על אחינו אשר ראינו צרת נפשו בהתחננו אלינו ולא שמענו על כן באה אלינו הצרה הזאת     ויען ראובן אתם לאמר הלוא אמרתי אליכם לאמר אל תחטאו בילד ולא שמעתם וגם דמו הנה נדרש


כלומר: גם כשראו האחים שיש ﬠליהם תביﬠה מן השמים ־ לא שינו את דעתם לגבי עצם הדין שדנו אותו, אלא שחשבו בדﬠתם שיש ﬠליהם תביﬠה ﬠל  חסרון הרחמים  "אשר ראינו צרת נפשו בהתחננו אלינו ולא שמענו." ורק ראובן טען שעצם הדבר היה חטא. אבל הם עדיין הוסיפו להחזיק בדעתם כי כל מה שעשו בדין עשו, כי חשבוהו לרודף, ..... וגם מניעת הרחמים היתה אצלם על פי דין, שהיו סבורים על פי עומק דעתם בדין זה שאינם רשאים לרחם, ואחרי שראו עונש בהשגחה, הרהרו בתשובע ע"ד מניעת הרחמים אבל לא על עצם הדין, כל כך היה הדין ודאי אצלם.

and here is how Rav Zaichyk sees it.  Page 245.


ויפתח האחד את שקו וגו' וירא את כספו וגו' ויחרדו איש אל אחיו לאמר, מה זאת ﬠשה אלקים לנו"

כפי המבואר במדרשים ובמפרשי התורה, היו הם תקיפים בדﬠתם ובטוחים בﬠצמם כל הזמן, כי מכירת יוסף אחיהם בצדק היתה ומבוססת על ההלכה, כיון שהם חשבו את יוסף לרודף שכל הקודם להרגו זכה, כשאין דרך אחרת להציל את הנרדף. הם גם דנו אותו למוציא דינם ומוסר הראוי לﬠונש מיתה בדיני אדם. הם היו כה בטוחים בצידקתם ﬠד כי ישבו לאכול לחם, בﬠיניהם לא היתה זו תקלה ﬠד כי תמנﬠ אותם מלקבוﬠ את סﬠודתם, ﬠל שחשבו כי מן השמים מסכימים לפﬠולתם.
אולם אחר כך, כאשר ראו כי מן השמים מרמזים להם כי לא כמחשבתם מחשבת הקב"ה ודﬠתו, והם טﬠו בהלכה, אז נחﬠוררו להרהר אולי טﬠו. הם ראו את אצבﬠ אלקים מרמזת להם באמצﬠות המאורﬠות והפגﬠים שבאו ﬠליהם, כי דנו שלא בצדק, מהנהגת הּשׂי'ת נפקחו עיניהם ונחרדו מן הרמז הנרמז להם משמים, כי כל תלאותיהם וצרותיהם באו ﬠל אשר דנו דיך מוטﬠה ובלתי נכון.

I don't think I am an imbecile, so I am not equating anyone with anyone else here. I am only pointing out the striking difference between Harav Zaichyk, the great Novarodoker Rosh Yeshiva and lifelong exponent of the Navorodoker mesorah, and Reb Aharon.

One tiny he'ara. Why does Reb Ahron hold that the Shvatim accepted they had made a mistake as far as feeling rachmanus, but not as far as the din as a whole? Reb Aharon describes them both as halachic decisions. So if you take your later experiences to be evidence of error in one, why not the other? Maybe pshat is that they held they were right, of course. Their hard experience clearly showed the RBSO was angry about something they had done as a group. As long as they could be toleh on the lesser matter of  מצוה לרחם\אסור לרחם they had no reason to re-think the major psak about Yosef being a Rodef and a mechallel shem shamayim by delaying the creation of a Klal Yisrael.  But the question still bothers me.

Thank you , Reb Micha, for that great zug from RYB! Assuming, as he obviously does, that there is a difference between halacha and hashkafa, it answers my question. Hashem does not pasken Halacha. But through history, He does pasken on Hashkafa. Perhaps אסור לרחם\מצוה לרחם falls under the latter.  Based on Reb Micha's heara, I should really change the title of this piece. It really should be "Changing a psak halacha...." but everyone knows that לא בשמים היא, as implicit in RYB's words, so that's a problem. It's probably a problem for Rav Zaichyk, too. Unless, as I said, that rule does not apply when you are dealing with a halacha that stems from a hashkafic determination. Additionally, לא בשמים היא does not, I think, preclude the RBSO from paskening on the world on the basis of what He holds lehalacha, irrespective of what Reb Yehoshua paskened. But even if world events show that the RBSO holds different than the Beis din shel mattah, they wouldn't have the right to change their psak, any more than Rebbi Eliezer did.  I don't like to stick my nose into this kind of machshava.