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Friday, July 13, 2018

Mattos, Bamidbar 28:15. Psak Halacha and Truth

Rashi from Chulin 60– Hashem asks that we bring a korbon to be mechaper for Him for His having diminished the Moon during the Ma’aseh Breishis.

Reb Moshe in Kol Rom III and other places: this is a mussar haskeil that when deciding between two sides, a decision for one does not necessarily mean that the other is without merit and truth. There are times when a decision has to be made, and the decision accepts the primacy of one side over the other, but this does not invalidate the truth of the other. Dayanim have to remember this when presiding over a case involving a dispute either in civil law or halachah.

In the Teshuvos, EH IV:34 page 78, Reb Moshe he talks about hysterectomies. Of course, male castration is an issur de’oraysa pursuant to the passuk in Emor  ובארצכם לא תעשו. The question is what the halacha is in the case of hysterectomy. The Gaon, based on his understanding of a Sifri, holds that this, too, is an issur lahv de’orayso. The Gaon, however, is a daas yachid. Reb Moshe brings that the Shach at the end of YD 242, in Hanhagos Hora'ah, brings a Bach that even in an issur de’araysa, you can be someich on a daas yochid against a rabbim in cases of tzaar gadal or hefsed merubah. The Shach disagrees with the Bach, and holds that’s only true in cases of an issur de’rabbanan. However, the Taz in 293:4 does hold like the Bach even in issurim de’oraysa. Since there is a machlokes Achronim whether hysterectomies are an issur deoraysa or derabanan, Reb Moshe is mattir in cases of Tza’ar Gadol. (Obviously, one would need shimush talmidei chachamim to know what comprises tza’ar gadol. This is highlighted by the fact that he assered in EH III:12, and he explains here that the difference was based on the facts of the shailos.)

The Bach is based on a Tshuvos HaRashba I:253, who discusses the Gemara in Nidah 9b that says
ת"ר מעשה ועשה רבי כר"א, לאחר שנזכר אמר כדי הוא ר"א לסמוך עליו בשעת הדחק. מאי לאחר שנזכר? אילימא לאחר שנזכר דאין הלכה כר"א אלא כרבנן, בשעת הדחק היכי עביד כוותיה? אלא דלא איתמר הלכתא לא כמר ולא כמר, ומאי לאחר שנזכר, לאחר שנזכר דלאו יחיד פליג עליה אלא רבים פליגי עליה, אמר כדי הוא ר"א לסמוך עליו בשעת הדחק
The Rashba:
תחילת כל דבר אומר שאין אומרין כדאי הוא פלוני לסמוך עליו בזמן שיש גדול ממנו בחכמה ובמנין, דהלכה פסוקה היא דהולכין אחר הגדול בחכמה ובמנין (ע' ע"ז ז.- המעתיק). ואפילו בשעת הדחק אין סומכין על הקטן בחכמה ובמנין, וכן במקום מחלוקת יחיד ורבים, אא"כ שעת הדחק שיש בו הפסד מרובה או כיוצא בזה , וכמ"ש בפ"ק דנידה ועשה רבי כר' אלעזר. לאחר שנזכר אמר כדאי הוא ר"א לסמוך עליו בשעת הדחק. ואקשינן מאי לאחר שנזכר, אילימא לאחר שנזכר שאין הלכה כר"א אלא כרבנן, בשעת הדחק היכי עביד כוותיה? אלא דלא איתמר לא הלכתא כמר ולא הלכתא כמר, ומאי לאחר שנזכר דלאו יחיד פליג עליה אלא רבים פליגי עליה אמר כדאי הוא ר"א לסמוך עליו בשעת הדחק. ואמרינן התם מאי שעת הדחק איכא דאמרי שעת בצורת הואי איכא דאמרי אפיש עובדא וחשו רבנן לפסידא דטהרות
The Rashba is brought by the Darkei Moshe YD 9 and in the Mapah CM 25:2, where he says
אם הוא בהוראת איסור והיתר, והוא דבר איסור דאורייתא – ילך לחומרא, ואי דבר דרבנן – ילך אחר המיקל, ודוקא אם שני החולקין הן שוין, אבל אין סומכין על דברי קטן נגד דברי גדול ממנו בחכמה ובמנין אפילו בשעת הדחק אא"כ היה גם כן הפסד מרובה, וכן אם היה יחיד נגד רבים הולכים אחר רבים בכל מקום

Poskim do not rely on the Bach and the Taz by an issur deoraysa (see, for example, Chazon YD 150:3-4, although I believe that it has been used in cases of Agunah.) But still -the Bach is amazing. What does psak halochoh mean? If you can be mattir when there is hefsed merubah, what does it mean when you pasken issur under normal circumstances? How does tza’ar or hefsed affect your decision? If you’re paskening it’s assur, then it’s assur, isn’t it? Apparently not, according to the Bach and Taz. If there’s a daas yachid to be meikil, the fact that you generally pasken like the rabbim le’chumroh is a din in how to pasken when you have two shittos that are both emes on some level. But where there’s a hefsed merubah or tzaar gadol, then you can be someich on the daas yochid, because that is also true. So it seems to me that if a person was oveir on a psak lechumrah, and he said, I’m going to be meikil like the opinions that are mattir, even though the posek has determined, in his own mind and on the basis of his understanding of what the majority hold, was he oveir on an issur de’oraysa? Maybe not. It seems that he was just over on the procedural rules of psak halacha.

There is an expression in the US, "Hard cases make bad law."

This is clearly a risk benefit analysis. The decision whether to endanger yourself depends on the problem you're facing. If a person has a minor ailment, he is not going to take a medicine that has a one percent chance of killing him. If his ailment is life threatening, or extremely painful, then he might take a chance with a treatment that entails some risk of death or damage because it might cure his disease.  Does psak mean that even if there is a clear majority of poskim say assur, we still acknowledge that we don't know with certainty who is right. If nobody is mattir lehalacha, like Reb Eliezer's rule that tipas dam requires shiva nekiim, or it is only Beis Shammai, then it is a certainty. For practical purposes, there is no daas yachid. But if a respectable minority, or even one poseik, is mattir, we recognize that he might be right, but relying on him is a risk - he is probably not right. Exigency changes the balance. The degree of acceptable risk depends on the danger or pain or financial loss you are facing.

Maybe psak addresses the Tzura of Klal Yisrael more than what is correct or incorrect. Klal Yisrael does a certain thing in a certain way. As the passuk in Chabakkuk 3:6 says, הליכות עולם לו. The olam, Klal Yisrael, does it in a certain way.  That individuals, under hard circumstances, do differently, does not change that fact.

Or perhaps the pshat is that the din of psak is to preserve the path of the Torah, not the individual mitzvah. In other words, psak is not necessarily a guarantee of truth: when you seek a psak, or you study a question and pasken, your true quest is to sincerely seek the answer to your question in the Torah. What you come out with doesn’t really matter. The main thing is to seek to live your life ahl pi dinei Torah. Halacha is a mehalach.

That is probably not the real meaning of the word. It is also used for dinim there is no safeik on, like הלכה למשה מסיני. The Aruch says the word Halacha means something that walks forever through time - ancient and enduring, a path that continues without end.

The Aruch:
הלך (גאנג ארט פערכהייט רעכט געריכטס ארדנונג)
בערך תלמוד פי' הלכתא דבר שהולך ובא מקודם ועד סוף או שישראל מתהלכין בו 
כאשר תאמר בל' ישמעאל אל סירה 
ב"מ צג שומרי פירות אוכלין מהלכות מדינה אבל לא מן התורה 

Here is what R Elya Bachur says in his Sefer HaTishbi. It is followed by a footnote there from R אליעזר בן מנחם שמואל הרשטיק .

אליהו בחור (לויטס) בספר התשבי
הלכה 
הלכה למשה מסיני (פאה פ"ב מ"ו ) והלכה כפלוני (מנחות מח:) וכן הרבה והוא ענין משפט ודת, וכן תרגום של כמשפט הזה (יהושע ו טו) כהלכתא הדין, והשתיה כדת (אסתר א ח) ושקיותא כהלכתא וכלשון אשכנז ליץ ובלעז ליצייון 

פירוש ״רגלי מבשר״ שם
בשרש הלכה. והלכה מלשון הילוך וכן כתוב בכתבי הקודש בליקוטים מספר צמח צדיק מהקדוש רמ"מ מוויזניץ זצללה"ה זי"ע ועכ"י [זכותו יגן עלינו ועל כל ישראל] בפירוש הלכה כבית הלל עיין שם ונקראים מנהגי התורה חוקותיה ומשפטיה הלכות לפי שהם הדרך הנכון שילך בם האדם ולא בזולתם, ועל ענין זה כתוב בתורה (דברים כח ט) והלכת בדרכיו ובתרגום ותהך באורחן דתקנן קדמוי. וכן (מלכים א׳ ח נח) ללכת בכל דרכיו למהך בכל ארחן דתקנן קדמותי ור"ל אע"פ שיש דרכים הרבה בכל דבר אין לך לבור דרך שתרצה וכן הלכה כפלוני כלומר הדרך הנכון בדבר זה הוא כפלוני ולא כדברי החולק והאריך בדברים אלו ביין לבנון 
וגם אני בעניי כתבתי במילי דאגדתא אשר לי דברים ראויים בזה
ומאוד תמהתי על מסדר הגיטין שמביא בהפלאה שבערכין שרש הך שלא ידע פירוש למהך המובא בתרגום רבות פעמים ובברכות לא אל יפטר אדם מחבירו אלא מתוך דבר הלכה בהגהת מהר"ץ שם מביא הרבה ראיות דמיקרי הלכה אע"פ שאינו אלא אגדה ובהגהת מהרש"ש בכתובות בסופם על הרא"ש פ"י דמצינו לשון והלכתא שאינו לפסק הלכה עיי"ש 

,


I take no responsibility for what follows, but here is what Shaul Lieberman has to say about the etymology of the word Halacha.
Before posting it, I recommend this pithy description (by CR Wayne Allen) of the ambivalence that characterized that great and confounding mind.
This is footnote 3 on his essay "The Publication of the Mishnah."

The origin of this word is not definitely established. Leopold Wenger (Canon in den romischen Rechtsquellen und in den Papyri) undertakes to prove that canon as regula iuris (see pp. 47-71) derived its meaning from canon, rent annually paid by the tenant to the land owner and canon, land tax paid to the government. "The characteristic features of the economic and financial canon are that its amount is fixed beforehand as a regular, annual payment which, on principle, is unchangeable. These features are the bridge which connects the two meanings of the term. Canon as synonymous with regula shows the same traits as the various payments covered by the term: stability, regularity and fixedness, although moderation is not excluded." (A. Berger, Seminar VII, 1944, p. 96). Although Wenger's study covers a later period (canon as land tax is not attested by sources earlier than the fourth century C. E.) his research and reasoning may perhaps elucidate our term. In Ezra (4:13 passim) the tax הלך  is mentioned. It has been identified (see Gesenius-Buhl, s. v. הלך ) with the Babylonian ilku (tax) which is already extant in the laws of Hammurabi. From the Aramaic Indorsements on the Documents of the Mura§0 Sons (A. T. Clay in Old Testament and Semitic Studies in Memory of W. R. Harper I, p. 308, No. 26; p. 316, No. 48) we learn that a land tax was called הלכא. Hence it is possible that the term הלכה, regula, fixed rule (הלכה קצובה), has its origin in the name of the fixed land tax.
In practice הלכה has the same meaning as Opos (literally "boundary") which means regula, and especially a statement of the law, a juristic principle, in antithesis to case law (מעשה), see F. Schulz, History of Roman Legal Science, p. 137, n. 4. The Rabbis (Sifre II 188, ed. Finkelstein, p. 227) interpreted the verse (Deut. 19:14) "Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's boundary11 ( גבול.
The Septuagint and Symmachus render it dpia) as a reference to the deliberate change of the traditional halakha (See Lieberman, Tosefeth Rishonim IV, p. 52). Comp. also Dionysius of Alexandria quoted by Eusebius, Historia Eccles. VII. 7. 5 and A. Rahlfs, Septuaginta Studien I, 1904, p. 76.

In fact, in the case of par he’elam davar shel tzibbur, the Gemara in Horyos says that Beis Din brings the korban only when the psak was shown to be false, not where the balance of votes moved from heter to issur on a question of logic or precedent. If, however, there are individual dayanim on the court who maintain the previous psak, it would seem that, again, it is a procedural determination, not a finding of truth.


Coincidentally, I realized that something I posted ten years ago, about the tension between nekama against Midian and Moshe's need to be makir tov, follows this path as well, especially with R Chaim Brown's comment at the end of that post.

21 comments:

  1. From the opening of Widen Your Tent, by Micha Berger, Mosaica Press 2018 (I hope and iy"H), plus or minus some changes by the proofreader:

    "מִי יַעֲלֶה בְהַר ה"... Through the Torah, Hashem gave us halachah, the art of hiking up that mountain. Literally, the root \הלכ\ refers to walking or traveling. By infusing every step of the climb with Torah and mitzvos, we have been given the opportunity to rise as high up Hashem’s mountain — Har Hashem — as we are capable of reaching. Truly a great gift. But there is a danger. If we by focus our avodas Hashem (serving Hashem) on halachah and its study, we will master how to walk, but we can forget to form more than a vague notion of where to go.

    When it comes to Torah, many of us can identify with the dilemma of the apprentice of an overly methodical carpenter. The carpenter teaches his apprentice one skill at a time, mastering each in order before moving on to the next. So, the young lad learns how to use a hammer, learning how to drive the nail in, straight and true, in just a few blows. Then he is introduced to the screwdriver, in all its variants. And when he learns how to screw into any wood without stripping the threads or the head of a Phillips screwdriver, they move on the trade's various saws. And so on through the whole toolset. In fact, the master teaches his apprentice multiple opinions about proper technique, and even ways to use the tools according to various opinions of how to maximize success at the same time. And then, as they just completed practicing a few ways of joining corners, the master, sadly, died. Leaving the student knowing everything about woodwork, but with only a layman's knowledge of the construction of a cabinet, table, or chair. Or how to build shelves that can support the weight of a library of books, and the like. And the apprentice is even further from any knowledge of how to express himself artistically, such as through detailed woodworking.
    ...

    Beyond knowing where we are and where we are headed, a life worth living is one that has a derech, a path from the current reality taking us to the ideal, a path that that halachah is the way to walk. A hiker sets out to ascend a mountain and stumbles across a path that heads in the right general direction. If he does not make sure that the path actually leads up the mountain, he could be committing to the wrong trek. Perhaps even — G-d forbid! — to fall off into a ravine.

    The Gemara repeatedly warns us that even a life that is observant of halachah but that lacks such a vision could actually be destructive, and can take someone to someplace very different than the heights of Har Hashem:

    אמר רב חננאל בר פפא: מאי דכתיב "שִׁמְעוּ כִּי נְגִידִים אֲדַבֵּר [וּמִפְתַּח שְׂפָתַי
    (Shabbos 88b)

    Ad kan leshoni. I compare this to the version in Yuma 72b, and draw conclusions about the role of halakhah and the whole topic of means vs goals.

    Which may not be what you were looking for in the meaning of the word "halakhah", but it is relevant to the question of what we man by it. AND, of course, it gave me an excuse to plug my book. <grin>

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    1. I see the long Hebrew paragraph didn't work right...

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    2. What do you mean "the long Hebrew paragraph didn't work right" ?
      I understand about your metaphor distinguishing, or putting at odds, focus on craft at the expense of art, although I don't know if it's true. In piano, you have spend endless hours with Czerny before you can dream of interpreting Rachmaninoff. But I love the lyrical words and look forward to reading the book, IYH. Hatzlacha!

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    3. You are correct... the long ARAMAIC paragraph didn't work right. The quote from Mes Shabbos got truncated.

      Anyway, I am distinguishing means from ends. Yes, you need to know how piano fingering in order to play either Czerny or Rachmaninov, but we can't make playing piano being all about the art of perfect fingering.

      After all, it's not the intent of my sefer to play down the import of halakhah. Just that the haqadmah opens with the need to have a derekh to walk (halakhah vs derekh, cute, no?) which means thinking about where you want to go.

      Then I discuss Chassidus vs Litvishkeit on that issue, and from there, Mussar vs Yeshiva, then where R Shimon Shkop fits in with all that. The sefer itself is my own answer to the question of path and where the path heads, which is very very heavily based on Rav Shimon's -- as I understand him, of course.

      It follows the haqadmah to Shaarei Yosher.

      But enough of this... Let's see if anyone discusses the topic you were intending to raise. I didn't mean to hijack your post altogether. (And if that ends up happening, my apologies in advance.)

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    4. Oh... I just hit Czerny's The Art of Finger Dexterity (Op.740) and the like and realize what you meant. The only thing of his I heard of until moments ago was an Etude that must have been near the front of WQXR's recording library when I was in YU.

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    5. He says it well:
      https://youtu.be/ky87Ab1Uv7w?t=42s

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    6. Widen Your Tent ended up being a 2019 publication. But it is now available in Israel wheerever you find Feldheim or Mosaica Press books. (Still im transit to the US.)

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  2. I just posted a link on the "Frum / OTD Discussion" Facebook group. (If typing "@Eliezer Eisenberg" would have found you, you would have been tagged. It didn't, so I deleted the attempt.)

    The context is the Star-K's decision to stop publishing the results of their research what one could order at Starbucks and how, and which stores. Some people, even those I thought were in the "frum" side of that group, were being all judgmental with the Star-K's position that being on the road allowed use of some unnamed qulah and therefore that some drinks were kosher only when on a trip.

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    1. Thank you. I'm not doing the ivory tower hasmada thing, but the fact is that I don't know what tagging means, I don't know what @ means. And I've tried. If you could help, I'd appreciate it.

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    2. When you type "@Micha Berger" on most social media, like the above case of Facebook, it will turn it into a link to that person's page, and inform the person they were cited. This is called "tagging".

      If you were on Facebook and used your real name, "@Eliezer Eisenberg" would have worked likewise, and you would have received a link in notifications in case you wanted to join in the conversation.

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  3. Relating to the thought of Rav Moshe, there is a Tosfos Harosh (shevuos 9a) that reads like a mussar sefer.
    In discussing the korban of Rosh Chodesh as an atonement for Hashem, he writes, “The Torah is teaching us proper conduct. If a servant sins against his master to the point that he needs to be punished, the master has an obligation to mollify and appease him”.
    Again, the Master – Hashem – did no wrong; the punishment to the servant was justified. Yet there is an obligation to placate the servant.
    Hashem asks that we help Him make it up to the moon, by bringing the korban for Him, even when the moon had it coming. Certainly, we have to appease those whom we ourselves have distressed or harmed – even when we were doing the right thing.

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    1. Thank you.
      This is what he says (in case I don't put it into the post)
      שעיר זה יהא כפרה עלי
      ולימדתך תורה דרך ארץ שאם סרח העבד לפני אדונו עד שהוצרך לייסרו מוטל על האדון לפייסו אחר כך וכיוצא בו נעשה אדם בצלמנו
      ויש דוחקין לפרש שעיר זה יהא כפרה לישראל על עוונותיהם הדבר הזה שמוטל לעשותו לכבוד הלבנה על שמיעטתיה

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  4. There is an amazing vort my faher once told me from sefer Nachlas Tzvi, written by Reb Meshulam Gross (1863-1947).I do not have access to the sefer now and I may not be totally correct that this is what he said, but I think the idea was that originally the sun and moon were equal not only in size but their annual cycles were in sync as well, and when Hkb"h "minimized" the moon, its cycle was shortened as well. as a result of this we are forced to have leap years, c'yaduah. says the Nachlas Tzvi, this is why in a leap year we add the words "ul'chaporas posha" in mussaf of rosh chodesh- referring to Hashems request in maseches chullin!

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    1. Very nice. Thank you. And here it is:
      טעם למה אומרים בשנת עיבור בתפלת מוסף דר"ח עד חדש ניסן ולכפרת פשע ידוע משום שיש י"ב לשונות לטובה ולברכה וכו' שהן נגד י"ב חדשי השנה ובשנת עיבור מוסיפין ולכפרת פשע נגד חדש העיבור ומה שמוסיפין דייקא הלשון ולכפרת פשע נראה בס"ד דהנה טעם שמתענין בערב ר"ח הוא משום מעוט הירח (כן איתא במ"א) וטעם מה שאנו אומרים ג' פעמים שלום עליכם בשעת קידוש הלבנה הוא ג"כ משום שקטרגה הלבנה בראשונה ואמרה שאי אפשר לב' מלכים להשתמש בכתר אחד ובאמירת ג"פ שלום עליכם מבטלים הקטרוג (כן איתא בשם האר"י ז"ל) ומובן שבראשונה כאשר היו שני המאורות גדולים כאחד בשוה בודאי כמו כן הליכתם היתה בשוה והיינו שס"ה ימים ורק אח"כ כשנתמעטה הלבנה נתמעטה גם הליכתה מן שס"ה על שנ"ד ימים ועי"ז גרמה לנו לעשות חדש אחד מעובר בכדי להשוות ימי הלבנה החמה ובכדי שלא ימצא שיחול פסח באמצ או בסוף הקיץ ואם כן מי גרם לנו לעשות חודש העיבור הלא הלבנה שקטרגה אז בשעת הבריאה לכן אנו אומרים ולכפרת פשע והכוונה שאנו מתפללים אל הקב"ה שיכפר פשע הלבנה אשר היא גרמה לעשות העיבור ולמלאות פגימתה ויהי אור הלבנה כאור החמה וכאור שבעת ימי בראשית ויהי עולם התיקון בבאכי"ר
      שם ספר: נחלת צבי
      שם מחבר: גרוס, משולם פייבש צבי בן ראובן
      שנת הדפסה: תש"ב
      מקום הדפסה: ניו יורק

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  5. In the hands of the Maharashe, the gemara about "shenei me'oros hagedolos ... ve'es hame'or haqatan" is about Edom's might-makes-right having primacy in olam hazeh.

    Hashem made the possibility of sin by separating power in olam hazeh from righteousness.

    (Something that starts with the plants, really, but that would require bringing in R' Kook on peri vs eitz. The physical is the means to qedushah, and should have been as obviously qadosh as the ends -- the peri. But it lost its taste. Thus giving gashmius its independent existence to begin with. But in day 4 it becomes possible for the two not to even be aligned...)

    Thus, Hashem "sinned" in the sense that this is when He made sin possible? Efshar?

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    1. Very deep - making sin possible is in a sense a sin. True, the possibility of sin is also the possibility of overcoming sin, but perhaps the iota of ra is inherent.
      Here is the Maharsha;
      א"ל לכי ומעטי את עצמך כו'.
      הענין הרמוז כמו שכתבו המפרשים לכנסת ישראל שימעטו את עצמן בעוה"ז כדאמרינן פ' גיד הנשה כי אתם המעט וגו' כי אתם הממעטין כו' וענין לכי ומשול ביום ובלילה הוא שע"י שאתם ממעטין עצמכם בעוה"ז שהוא לכם לילה תזכו למשול גם בעוה"ב שהוא לכם ליום ותשובה שרגא בטיהרא כו' כי אין זה ממשלה בעוה"ז והיתה התשובה לימנו בך ימים ושנים שתמשלו בעוה"ז שהם ימי המעשה במנין הימים ושנים אשר על ידו תזכו לעולם שכולו ארוך באין מנין ואמרה יומא נמי שהוא טובת העוה"ז אשר ניתן לעובדי כוכבים א"א דלא מנו ביה תקופות רמז כי דבר המקיף אם אינו גדול כ"כ הנה אין לו סוף והוא ענין שרבו גם רבו ממשלת העובדי כוכבים בעוה"ז ואמר לה זיל ליקרו בך צדיקי כו' אמר לה כן ליישב דעתה כי אלו הצדיקים לא נקראו כן אלא ע"ש שמקטינין עצמן בעוה"ז יעקב אמר קטנתי מכל וגו' וכן בדוד כדאמרינן הוא הקטן כשם שבקטנותו הקטין את עצמו כו' ושמואל הקטן בעובדא דפ"ק דסנהדרין חזייא דלא קא מתיישבה דעתה שלא יהיה לה כלל ממשלה בעוה"ז אמר ששעיר של ר"ח יהיה כו' הוא שעיר הוא אדום הוא מקטרגן של ישראל להתיש כחו בר"ח ושיהיה גם לישראל לפעמים ממשלה בעוה"ז כירח הזו שפעם שהיא מתגדלת מתחלת החדש ופעם שהיא מתקטנת בסוף החדש וכן הוא הענין בכנסת ישראל כדאיתא במדרשות:

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  6. Thank you for posting the lashon of Nachlas Tzvi. it would seem I was slightly off in that I said he uses the gemara in chullin about Hashems request- instead he refers to the sin of the moon itself, seemingly.

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  7. I wonder if according to Micha Berger's interpretation we can suggest that the "kapporah" on Hashem goes hand in hand with the other drasha that Rashi brings, from maseches Shvuos- that the se'ir of rosh chodesh is mechaper on sins that are "known only to Hkbh"... meaning, perhaps those sins which are not humanly possible to atone for in that they are not known- Hkbh Himself "feels responsible" k'vyachol, to take care of because He "made sin possible" and therefore instituted this korban.

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    1. You know, of course, that Rashi means that they are for tumah where there was no yediah bitchila. But the bottom line, as you say, is that they're known only to HKBH. So I hear what you're saying. Micha's pshat is fascinating, and your hosafa enhances it.

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  8. sorry the previous comment was mine, i forgot to put my name on it

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  9. You are correct, of course. I was too busy focusing on rashi's words"she'ein makir bachait ela Hkbh bilvad" that I failed to remember that it was only discussing the chait of tumas mikdash v'kedashav.

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