Questions for Mattos Massei

In 2025, asked 1, 2, 3, 5, 11 and 12.

1.  Where does the Torah specifically warn politicians to not make promises they do not intend to keep.

2.  Where do we find that a person is punished for breaking a promise he did not make.

3.  What great prophet died as a result of the war against Midian?

4.  Who was happy when the Kohen Gadol died?

5.  We learn two dinim from the parsha of Klei Midian, the vessels taken from Midian. On one you make a bracha, and on the other you do not make a bracha. What are they, and why are they different. 

6.  Where do we see in this parsha that it is not enough to be honest in the eyes of Hashem, you also have to above suspicion, you have to behave in a way that makes it clear to your friends and neighbors that you are a good and honest man, even though they would be wrong in not being dan lekaf zechus. 

7.  The east side of the Yarden was given to Gad, Reuven, and half of Menashe. Name the family that comprised that half of Menashe. 

8.  Who were the two people who built cities and named them after themselves?

9.  Where was the first of the 42 encampments and where was the last.

10.  What event mentioned in the parsha occurred on today's Hebrew date. ONLY WHEN THIS PARSHA IS ON ROSH CHODESH:

11.  Where is there a trop that appears only one time in the Torah, which is closely related to today’s Hebrew date.  ONLY WHEN THIS PARSHA IS ON ROSH CHODESH: 

12.  The Leviim were granted 48 cities. If they felt crowded, could they buy land near the city and expand? 

1.  Where does the Torah specifically warn politicians to not make promises they do not intend to keep.

30:2-3, from the Chasam Sofer- the law of Nedarim and Shavuos is addressed to the leaders of Klal Yisrael.

וידבר משה אל ראשי המטות לבני ישראל לאמר זה הדבר אשר צוה יהוה

איש כי ידר נדר ליהוה או השבע שבעה לאסר אסר על נפשו לא יחל דברו ככל היצא מפיו יעשה

2.  Where do we find that a person is punished for breaking a promise he did not make.

30:16

ואם הפר יפר אתם אחרי שמעו ונשא את עונה

Rashi and Ramban explains that he nullified his wife’s neder after the deadline, after the day he heard it passed, and he told her he nullified it, and she trusted him and transgressed her neder. She had every right to trust him, so she is blameless, but he, the husband, is punished in her place. It's not just lifnei iveir, it is the punishment of nedarim and shavuos. Ramban-

ונשא את עונה - הוא מוכנס תחתיה; למדנו , שהגורם תקלה לחברו הוא נכנס תחתיו לכל עונשין. לשון רבנו שלמה מסיפרי (ספ"ב קנו). ונראה שהאשה הזאת שוגגת או מוטעה , כי הכתוב ידבר בבעל ששמע ואין האשה יודעת בו , ואחר זמן הפר ואמר לה שהוא יום שמעו. ולימדנו הכתוב שני דברים: שהבעל נושא עון כאלו הוא נָדַר ויחל דברו , ושהיא פטורה , אין עליה מעֹנש השגגות כלל.

3.  What great prophet died as a result of the war against Midian?

Obviously, Bilaam. Also, lehavdil, Moshe Rabbeinu. 31:2, 

נקם נקמת בני ישראל מאת המדינים אחר תאסף אל עמיך

4.  Who was happy when the Kohen Gadol died?

The people in the Arei Miklat, because that meant they could go home. 35:25,

והצילו העדה את הרצח מיד גאל הדם והשיבו אתו העדה אל עיר מקלטו אשר נס שמה וישב בה עד מות הכהן הגדל אשר משח אתו בשמן הקדש

5.  We learn two dinim from the parsha of Klei Midian, the vessels taken from Midian. On one you make a bracha, and on the other you do not make a bracha. What are they, and why are they different. 

31:23, kashering treif keilim and tevilas keilim. 

כל דבר אשר יבא באש תעבירו באש וטהר אך במי נדה יתחטא וכל אשר לא יבא באש תעבירו במים

I don't think it makes a difference for this discussion, but let's assume that taam k'ikkar and tevillas keilim are deoraysa. 

You don’t make a bracha when you kasher keilim, but you do make a bracha when you are tovel.  The difference is easy to suggest, and hard to prove. But it has to boil down to: kashering keilim is just an application of the issur of treifus. This, too, is treif, and if you want to make it kosher, this is how you do it. Tevila is an entirely new din, and we view it like any of the Taryag.  It is something of a chok, and it is hard to prove what exactly it does. This is supported by the fact that you do have to kasher keilim even if they're still owned by the non-Jew, but you can use keilim owned by a non-Jew without tevilla.

Even if it is to remove a problem, it is no different than tevillas nidda or netilas yadayim. 

6.  Where do we see in this parsha that it is not enough to be honest in the eyes of Hashem, you also have to above suspicion, you have to behave in a way that makes it clear to your friends and neighbors that you are a good and honest man, even though they would be wrong in not being dan lekaf zechus. 

From 32:22,  ונכבשה הארץ לפני ה' ואחר תשבו והייתם נקים מה' ומישראל

Applications: 

והייתם נקים. תניא, גבאי צדקה שאין להם עניים לחלק פורטין מעותיהם לאחרים ואין פורטין לעצמן , וגבאי תמחוי שאין להם עניים לחלק מוכרין לאחרים ואין מוכרין לעצמן משום שנאמר והייתם נקיים מה׳ ומישראל .

(פסחים י"ג א׳) 

והייתם נקים. ת"ר, בית גרמו היו בקיאין במעשה לחם הפנים ומעולם לא נמצאה פת נקיה ביד בניהם שלא יאמרו ממעשה לחם הפנים גזונים, לקיים מה שנאמר והייתם נקיים מה׳ ומישראל .

(יומא ל"ח א׳) 

והייתם נקים. ת"ר, בית אבטינס היו בקיאין במעשה הקטורת, ומעולם לא יצאה כלה מבושמת מבתיהן, וכשהיו נושאין אשה ממקום אחר היו מתנין עמה שלא תתבשם, שלא יאמרו ממעשה הקטורת מתבשמין, לקיים מה שנאמר והייתם נקיים מה׳ ומישראל

7.  The east side of the Yarden was given to Gad, Reuven, and half of Menashe. Name the family that comprised that half of Menashe. 

Machir. 32:39-40

וילכו בני מכיר בן מנשה גלעדה וילכדה ויורש את האמרי אשר בה

ויתן משה את הגלעד למכיר בן מנשה וישב בה

My problem: Menashe had two sons, Machir and Gilad. Machir named his own son Gilad. How did it come about that davka Machir conquered a land called Gilad? It was called Gilad back when Og was king: Devarim 3:10. 

כל  ערי המישר וכל־הגלעד וכל־הבשן עד־סלכה ואדרעי ערי ממלכת עוג בבשן

And in Mattos, in 32:1, 

ומקנה  רב היה לבני ראובן ולבני־גד עצום מאד ויראו את־ארץ יעזר ואת־ארץ גלעד והנה המקום מקום מקנה

And I think it’s that place from Breishis 31:47

ויקרא לו לבן יגר שהדותא ויעקב קרא לו גלעד

8.  Who were the two people who built cities and named them after themselves?

32:41-42, Yair ben Menashe and Novach.

ויאיר בן מנשה הלך וילכד את חותיהם ויקרא אתהן חות יאיר

ונבח הלך וילכד את קנת ואת בנתיה ויקרא לה נבח בשמו

9.  Where was the first of the 42 encampments and where was the last.

First, 33:5, Sukkos. Last,33:49,  Arvos Moav.

10.  What event mentioned in the parsha occurred on today's Hebrew date..  ONLY WHEN THIS PARSHA IS ON ROSH CHODESH: 

The day Aharon died, Rosh Chodesh Av.  33:38.

ויעל אהרן הכהן אל הר ההר על פי ה' וימת שם... בחדש החמישי באחד לחדש

11.  Where is there a trop that appears only one time in the Torah, which is closely related to today’s Hebrew date.  ONLY WHEN THIS PARSHA IS ON ROSH CHODESH

ירח בו יומו, the upside down esnachata, and it appears only here on the word אלפיים  in 35:5,

וּמַדֹּתֶ֞ם מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֗יר אֶת פְּאַת קֵ֣דְמָה אַלְפַּ֪יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֟ה

Since today is Rosh Chodesh, it is the first day the moon was seen, so the moon is one day old. Yerach ben yomo.

12.  The Leviim were granted 48 cities. If they felt crowded, could they buy land near the city and expand? 

No. Each city included a strictly zoned greenbelt. This area was over a mile of open space, including three thousand feet of parkland, fifteen hundred feet for animals and orchards. That’s almost a mile in all directions. Absolutely no development was allowed in that area. If they wanted to expand, they would have to begin beyond the greenbelt. 

35:3-4

והיו הערים להם לשבת ומגרשיהם יהיו לבהמתם ולרכשם ולכל חיתם

ומגרשי הערים אשר תתנו ללוים מקיר העיר וחוצה אלף אמה סביב

Questions for Pinchas

In 2025, I asked 1, 2, 4, 10, and 12. 

1. Three brothers; two notorious and one obscure.

2. Two granddaughters of Yaakov mentioned this week.

3. Which names in the Parsha were most popular at the time.

4.  An individual who was the first to identify as "they/them." If you wanted to talk to him about his pronouns, he would not hear a word you said.

5. Nine people whose death in the Midbar and the spiritual cause of their deaths are identified, and two who died in Kna’an, with no cause given.

6. People the Torah singles out to say they did not die.

7. Shevet Levi was always relatively small. Meforshim tell us that Levi was not miraculously fruitful in Mitzrayim because only those that were persecuted had the bracha of כאשר יענו אותו כן ירבה, and Levi was not subjugated. But why did they not increase proportionately after Yetzias Mitzrayim, in the Midbar? Many meforshim point out the relatively low birth rate. 26:62

ויהיו פקדיהם שלשה ועשרים אלף כל זכר מבן חדש ומעלה

Ibn Ezra

ויהיו פקודיהם. פקודי הלוים במספר הזה נוספו שבע מאות והתימה כי לא נוסף בהם רק שבע מאות והנה ישראל שמתו מי שהיה מבן עשרים שנה ומעלה היה מספרם בפעם האחרונה קרוב מהמספר הראשון

Chizkuni, same question. 

שלשה ועשרים אלף ענין זה מוכיח שהארון היה מכלה בהם שהרי הן נמנים מבן חדש ולא נוסף במנין ל״‎ח שנה רק אלף וישראל שמתו ושהיו מעשרים שנה ומעלה היה מספרם עכשיו קרוב למנין שבמדבר סיני.

I want a reason suggested in the words of the Torah. Why did Shevet Levi not increase at the same rate as the rest of Klal Yisrael.

8. Why does a child inherit a parent. Is it because of the child’s rights to the property or is it because of the father’s rights.

9. The words וידבר ה' אל משה לאמר appear 175 times in the Torah, but only once the other way around.

10.  The king and the Kohen Gadol. Who stands for whom?  Who stands by the door and says "No, after you."

11. Besides the basic communal obligation to make sure Korbanos Tzibur are brought,  what additional obligation is incumbent upon Klal Yisrael, not only Kohanim, regarding korbanos tzibbur.

12.  Proof that every Shabbos is the same, but every Rosh Chodesh is different- a different mazal, a different mood, a different character.

 

 

1. Three brothers; two notorious and one obscure.

 26:9, Nemuel, the brother of Dasan and Aviram, from the shevet Reuven.

 2. Two granddaughters of Yaakov mentioned this week.

Sarach bas Asher 26:26, and Yocheved bas Levi 26:59.

 3. Which names in the Parsha were most popular at the time.

These are the only names that are shared. There is a Nemuel of Reuven in 26:9  and a Nemuel of Shimon in 26:12.  There is a Zarach of Shimon in 26:13 and a Zarach of Yehuda in 26:20. There is a Gilad son of Machir son of Menashe in 26:29, and in that same passuk it says that Menashe also had a son he named Gilad.

However: The Netziv in 26:5 says that there was only one Gilad, and the plural and the repetition in the passuk just means that Machir had a son name Gilad, and although he had other sons, Gilad was dominant, and the other sons were folded into the Gilad family. 

4.  An individual who was the first to identify as "they/them." If you wanted to talk to him about his pronouns, he would not hear a word you said.

26:42, Shucham son of Dan, known in Breishis as Chushim.

אלה בני דן למשפחתם לשוחם משפחת השוחמי אלה משפחת דן למשפחתם

In Breishish 46:23, "ובני דן חושים." Chazal tell us he was deaf.

According to the Abarbanel in 32:39, Menashe only had one son, Machir, so Machir is also being referred to in the plural. But the Netziv in 26:5 (mentioned above in question 3) says that Menashe had several sons. And, as mentioned above, I think Menashe had two sons, Machir (who had a son Gilad Junior) and Gilad Senior.  All of this is very perplexing in light of the fact that in 32:1 we find a land named Gilad, probably the area of Gal Eid from Breishis 31:47, which Avraham called Galeid, which was later conquered by the sons of Machir.

5. Nine people whose death in the Midbar and the spiritual cause of their deaths are identified, and two who died in Kna’an, with no cause given.

In the Midbar, Zimri (Numbers 25:14), Dasan and Aviram (26:9-10), Korach (26:10), Nadav (26:61), Avihu (26:61) and Tzelafchad (27:1-3) all died in the desert on account of their sins. Moshe and Aharon died in the desert due to their actions at the "mei Meriva" – 27:13-14. .  In Kna’an, Er and Onan- 26:19.

 6.  People the Torah singles out to say they did not die.

The Torah states that "the sons of Korach did not die" (26:11). And Kalev and Yehoshua, 26:65.

 7. Shevet Levi was always relatively small. Chazal tell us that the numbers of Levi did not increase at the same rate as the other shevatim in Mitzrayim because only those that were persecuted had the bracha of כאשר יענו אותו כן ירבה, and Levi was not subjugated. But why did they not increase proportionately after Yetzias Mitzrayim, in the Midbar? 26:62

ויהיו פקדיהם שלשה ועשרים אלף כל זכר מבן חדש ומעלה

Ibn Ezra

ויהיו פקודיהם. פקודי הלוים במספר הזה נוספו שבע מאות והתימה כי לא נוסף בהם רק שבע מאות והנה ישראל שמתו מי שהיה מבן עשרים שנה ומעלה היה מספרם בפעם האחרונה קרוב מהמספר הראשון

Chizkuni, same question. 

שלשה ועשרים אלף ענין זה מוכיח שהארון היה מכלה בהם שהרי הן נמנים מבן חדש ולא נוסף במנין ל״‎ח שנה רק אלף וישראל שמתו ושהיו מעשרים שנה ומעלה היה מספרם עכשיו קרוב למנין שבמדבר סיני.

I want a reason suggested in the words of the Torah. Why did Shevet Levi not increase at the same rate as the rest of Klal Yisrael.

Meshech Chochma-

כי לא נתן להם נחלה בתוך בני ישראל

The Torah is explaining that Hashem kept them small because they depended on matanos from the others and a larger shevet would be unsustainable.

ויהיו פקודיהם שלשה ועשרים אלף כל זכר מבן חדש ומעלה כי לא התפקדו בתוך ב"י כי לא נתן להם נחלה בתוך בנ"י. הקדמונים נתפלאו מדוע שבט לוי היה מעט במספרו נגד שארי השבטים. וראיתי שנותנים טעם שבת קול אמרה וכאשר יענו אותו כן ירבה וכן יפרוץ, והם לא היו בקושי השעבוד, לכן לא היו בכלל כן ירבה וכן יפרוץ. אבל מדוע לא נתרבו במדבר תמוה, כי במנין הראשון היו שנים ועשרים אלף. ורש"י הביא מן הירושלמי דיומא שנהרגו ממנו כמה משפחות. אולם לדעתי יתכן כי לו נתכנו עלילות, והיה צופה ומביט, כי שבט לוי, לגיון של מלך, לא ינחלו נחלה, רק ערי מגרש בתוך ב"י, ואם בני לוי יהיו רבים במספר, הלא יצעקו מדוע נגרע חלקם, וגם על בנ"י יהיה כבד הדבר לכלכל עם גדול כמוהו, וכאשר מצאנו בבני יוסף שצעקו, כי ד' ברכם בעם רב, והמקום צר להם לשבת, לכן היה מחכמת הבורא לבלי הרבות אותם ע"ד הנסיי, רק יהיה מספרם בדרך טבעי, והיו כ"ג אלף מבן חדש ומעלה. ויתכן לכלול זה בכוונת הפסוק ויהיו פקודיהם שלשה ועשרים אלף כל זכר מבן חדש ומעלה, לכן היה מנינם מבן חדש, כי לא התפקדו בתוך בנ"י, שמנינם היה מבן עשרים, ולמה היה מנינם פחות כ"כ רק כ"ג אלף במספר, כי לא נתן להם נחלה בתוך בנ"י לכן היו מעטים במספר ולא חלה עליהם הרבוי המופלג מברכת אלקי. ודו"ק.

 8.  Why does a child inherit a parent. Is it because of the child’s rights to the property or is it because of the father’s rights.

27:4

למה יגרע שם אבינו מתוך משפחתו כי אין לו בן תנה לנו אחזה בתוך אחי אבינו

I think this is why Moshe then asked that his sons inherit his position. If yerusha is because of the son deserving it more than others, they did not necessarily deserve it. But if yerusha is because of the father’s rights, then he wanted to assert that right by giving it to his children. Hashem told him that there is a difference between property and Torah leadership.

 

  9. The words  וידבר ה' אל משה לאמר appear 175 times in the Torah, but only once the other way around.

27:15

וידבר משה אל ה' לאמר

 10.  The king and the Kohen Gadol: Who stands for whom?  Who stands by the door and says "No, after you."

27:21, regarding Yehoshua- ולפני אלעזר הכהן יעמד

This is how the Rambam understands it in 2 Melachim 5-

אבל כהן גדול אינו בא לפני המלך אלא אם רצה. ואינו עומד לפניו אלא המלך עומד לפני כהן גדול. שנאמר (במדבר כז כא) "ולפני אלעזר הכהן יעמד". אף על פי כן מצוה על כהן גדול לכבד את המלך ולהושיבו ולעמד מפניו כשיבוא לו. ולא יעמד המלך לפניו אלא כשישאל לו במשפט האורים.

I know there will be nigglers who say “Ha, but the king has a Sefer Torah tied to his arm!” First of all, the Kohen Gadol has the Tzitz. Second, if it’s tied to his arm, it is invisible as far as Kibbud is concerned, as we find by הנכס לבית מנוגע. 

11. Besides the basic communal obligation to make sure Korbanos Tzibur are brought,  what additional obligation is incumbent upon Klal Yisrael, not only Kohanim, regarding korbanos tzibbur.28:2

 צו את בני ישראל ואמרת אלהם:  את קרבני לחמי לאשי ריח ניחחי תשמרו להקריב לי במועדו

Rashi- this is the source of the Anshei Maamad. There must be representatives of Yisrael present when korbanos tzibur were brought.

תשמרו - שיהיו כהנים ולוים וישראלים עומדין על גביו מכאן למדו ותקנו מעמדות

 12.  Proof that every Shabbos is the same, but every Rosh Chodesh is different- a different mazal, a different mood, a different character.

The Shabbasos of the year are referred to in the singular, “וביום השבת שני־כבשים", but the Roshei Chodesh are referred to in plural, “ובראשי חדשיכם תקריבו"

Maybe (suggested by Harav Carlbach in חבצלת השרון)  because Shabbos is a recurring commemoration, but each Rosh Chodesh relates to the month it begins and has its particular character and mazal.

Questions for Balak

  in 2025, asked 1, 3, 6, 8, and 9.

☆1. Targum Yonasan and the Gemara in Sanhedrin 105a say that Bilaam was Lavan, or he was a gilgul of, Lavan. Lavan gave Rivka a bracha אֲחֹתֵ֕נוּ אַ֥תְּ הֲיִ֖י לְאַלְפֵ֣י רְבָבָ֑ה. How could a curse to destroy them be effective if he already gave them a bracha?

 2. Our parsha says that Balak was not interested in getting a bracha that he should be strong and great. He wanted a klala on the Jews. Are we misunderstanding something? Can it really be that an enemy of the Jews would be totally reject the option of becoming a great nation on their own and instead use all their strength and everything they have to try to destroy us.

3. Unless you are under examination in a courtroom, a question means that the speaker does not know the answer. Where do we find that Hashem asks a question and implies that He needed to hear the answer or that He wants to establish a fact. Extra credit: find three other such cases, all in Sefer Breishis.

 4. Who claps his hands even though he is not happy.

 5. When chasidus began, misnagdim believed that some chasidim had a faith in their rebbes that was close to worship. Tell me two of the most famous early leaders of Chasidus whose names begin with the name of an avoda zara. This is a joke. This is true for plenty of other gedolim, but it's funnier in this case.

6. Six times weapons appear in the parsha.

7. Find a bird and a nest in the parsha.

☆8. Chazal say that when the tzadikim of the generation saw what Zimri was doing, they gathered to say Krias Shema at the entrance of the Mishkan. How does this relate to the unusual name of Pinchas’ weapon, which appears only this one time in Chumash.

☆9. Chazal tell us that Bilaam knew the daily instant when Hashem invoked Middas Hadin and planned to use it for the klalah. In fact, the word he was going to use was כלם, kaleim, which are the first three letters after alef through yud, which represent the ten maamaros of brias haolam. To prevent this, Hashem rearranged the whole spiritual world and did not have that moment.  How does this relate to an otherwise inexplicable change in the behavior of Klal Yisrael that followed immediately after?  How did this show Bilaam’s brilliant strategy?

10. Pesachim 111a, do not walk between two women, nor allow a woman to walk between two men, probably because of Kishuf problems. If you have no choice, you should say a passuk that begins and ends with אל or a passuk that begins with לא  and  stop with the second or third time it says לא in that passuk.

 מאי תקנתיה אמר רב פפא נפתח באל ונפסיק באל אי נמי נפתח בלא ונפסיק בלא

Both are in our parsha,  the first with Lo, and the second starts with Eil and the third ends with Eil.

1. Targum Yonasan and the Gemara in Sanhedrin 105a say that Bilaam was Lavan, or he was a gilgul of, Lavan. Lavan gave Rivka a bracha אֲחֹתֵ֕נוּ אַ֥תְּ הֲיִ֖י לְאַלְפֵ֣י רְבָבָ֑ה. How could a curse to destroy them be effective if he already gave them a bracha?

The bracha to Rivka could be fulfilled through Eisav. All the havtachos to Avraham and to Yitzchak could have been fulfilled through Eisav. That's why it says in the Hagada that there was a Gzeira on Avraham's descendants at the BBhB, and  ואתן לעשו את הר שעיר ויעקב ובניו ירדו מצרים.  It could have gone the other way.

Alternatively, that the klalah was only to scare them and chase them away, not to kill them.  22:6-

ועתה לכה נא ארה לי את העם הזה כי עצום הוא ממני אולי אוכל נכה בו ואגרשנו מן הארץ

But that was just Balak. Bilaam wanted kilayon. So it's not a good answer.

  2. Our parsha says that Balak was not interested in getting a bracha that he should be strong and great. He wanted a klala on the Jews. Are we misunderstanding something? Can it really be that an enemy of the Jews would be totally reject the option of becoming a great nation on their own and instead use all their strength and everything they have to try to destroy us.

No, that’s the mesorah of the Arabs, all the way down to the Arabs in Gaza. They could have built a magnificent country, extending through Sinai, if they had focused on personal success instead of murdering Jews.

 3. Unless you are under examination in a courtroom, a question means that the speaker does not know the answer. Where do we find that Hashem asks a question and implies that He needed to hear the answer or that He wants to establish a fact. Extra credit: find three other such cases, all in Sefer Breishis.

22:9, מי האנשים האלה עמך

Breishis    3:9, אייכה.     4:9, אי הבל אחיך      18:13, למה זה צחקה שרה

 4. Who clapped his hands even though he was not happy.

24:10   ויחר־אף בלק אל־בלעם ויספק את־כפיו 

  5. When chasidus began, misnagdim believed that some chasidim had faith in their rebbes that was close to worship. Tell me two early leaders of Chasidus whose names begin with the name of an avoda zara. 

This is a joke. This is true for plenty of other gedolim, but it's funnier in this case.

Baal. The Baal Shem Tov and the Baal HaTanya.

 6. Six times weapons appear in the parsha.

Sword, Cherev twice, once Bilaam telling his donkey he would kill him if he had a sword, and once in the hand of the Malach.      

Arrows in 24:8,  וחיציו ימחץ.  

A staff, makel and sheivet, twice:  22:26, Bilaam hit the asson with a מקל, and 25:17  וקם שבט מישראל ומחץ פאתי מואב וקרקר כל בני שת.  

and Pinchas’ spear, romach.

 7. Find a bird and a nest in the parsha.

Ben Tzipor,

and 24:21,וירא את־הקיני וישא משלו ויאמר איתן מושבך ושים בסלע קנך

 8. Chazal say that when the tzadikim of the generation saw what Zimri was doing, they gathered to say Krias Shema at the entrance of the Mishkan. How does this relate to the unusual name of Pinchas’ weapon, which appears only this one time in Chumash.

. וַיַּרְא פִּינְחָס בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן וַיָּקׇם מִתּוֹךְ הָעֵדָה וַיִּקַּח רֹמַח בְּיָדוֹ. 25:7

Romach appears only here in Chumash, but several times in Neviim.

 Romach totals 248, the number of words in Krias Shema. The gedolim said Krias Shema, Pinchas took the lesson of mesiras nefesh of Krias Shema in his hands and did something about it.

9. Chazal tell us that Bilaam knew the daily instant when Hashem invoked Middas Hadin and planned to use it for the klalah. In fact, the word he was going to use was כלם, kaleim, which are the first three letters after alef through yud, which represent the ten maamaros of brias haolam. To prevent this, Hashem rearranged the whole spiritual world and did not have that moment.  How does this relate to an otherwise inexplicable change in the behavior of Klal Yisrael that followed immediately after?  How did this show Bilaam’s brilliant strategy?

In Mitzrayim, we lived for two hundred ten years with absolute tzniyus and chastity and total rejection of marrying a non-Jew. Now, after Yetzias Mitzrayim, and Mattan Torah, and forty years of eating lechem abirim, suddenly the men shamelessly start chasing shiksas???  The only explanation is that there was the sudden change in middas hadin, the absence of Zaam, caused a drop in yiras shamayim. That is why Pinchas is described as בקנאו את קנאתי, the Kinah Hashem would normally have had. 

Bilaam’s plan from day one was either Hashem would have that moment of anger and he would exploit it with a curse; or if Hashem would avoid that moment, then Klal Yisrael would be more likely to sin, and he would send in the Bnos Moav. 

I wonder if Bnos Moav was his main plan from the first moment. He knew that the RBSO was less likely to interfere with bechira, so all he had to do was weaken their yiras shamayim.

 10. Pesachim 111a, do not walk between two women, nor allow a woman to walk between two men, probably because of Kishuf problems. If you have no choice, you should say a passuk that begins and ends with אל or a passuk that begins with לא  and  stop with the second or third time it says לא in that passuk.

 מאי תקנתיה אמר רב פפא נפתח באל ונפסיק באל אי נמי נפתח בלא ונפסיק בלא

Both are in our parsha,  the first with Lo, and the second starts with Eil and the third ends with Eil.

23:19 

לא איש אל ויכזב ובן־אדם ויתנחם ההוא אמר ולא יעשה ודבר ולא יקימנה

23:22

אל מוציאם ממצרים כתועפת ראם לו 

23:23

כי לא נחש ביעקב ולא קסם בישראל כעת יאמר ליעקב ולישראל מה־פעל אל

Questions for Chukas

1.   Is a Parah Adumah kasher if it is mostly red, or does it have to be 100% red.

2.   What can a non-kohen do in the process of the Parah Adumah

✫3.   By all things that are Tamei, the Torah calls them Tamei. There is one exception. By a dead person, the Torah never calls the body Tamei. It doesn’t say tamei hu, yihyeh tamei.  It just says that one who touches it is tamei.  How would you explain the difference?

✫4.   Where did they keep the Matteh of Mei Meriva when it was not being used. What does this imply about whose matteh it was.

✫5.    A source for the idea that departed ancestors share the emotions of the living.

✫6.    An example that people with impulse control problems should not rely on their resolutions.

✫7.    According to Rav Tarfon, for a neder to be binding, it can not involve any element of doubt.  Nedarim require Hafla'ah- clarity and certainty, and any neder that is based on an "if" is not a neder. Where do we see in our Parsha that a conditional neder is binding?  

✫8.    Is a kohen gadol allowed to be under the same roof as a dead person?

1.   Is a Parah Adumah kasher if it is mostly red, or does it have to be 100% red.

Even two hairs that are not red make it passul. Proof- the word “temimah” in 19:2

ויקחו אליך פרה אדמה תמימה אשר אין בה מום

It says in the end of the passuk that it has to be free of blemish. So what does it mean when it says temimah? It must mean that it adumah temimah, completely red. 

ספרי פיסקא קכ"ג  

פרה. שומע אני שחורה או לבנה – תלמוד לומר תמימה. תמימה באדמות או תמימה במומים? כשהוא אומר אשר אין בה מום אשר לא עלה עליה עול – הרי מומים אמורים; הא מה תלמוד לומר תמימה – שתהא תמימה באדמות.

There is a halacha l’moshe misinai that two black hairs make it passul. People think the hlmm is a chumra, that it is passul even if it has only two. I think that it is coming to be meikil; that without the hlmm, even one hair would make it passul, because temimah means completely red, there's no din rov.

2.   What can a non-kohen do in the process of the Parah Adumah

From reading our parsha, it appears that he can only gather the ash, because it says “Ish Tahor”, meaning there are no other qualifications other than that. (Yoma 43)

In fact, there is a machlokes Rav and Shmuel whether he can do the shechita.

 

3.   By all things that are Tamei, the Torah calls them Tamei. There is one exception. By a dead person, the Torah never calls the body Tamei. It doesn’t say tamei hu, yihyeh tamei.  It just says that one who touches it is tamei.  How would you explain the difference?

ספרי זוטא (חקת פי"ט י"א הובא בילקוט רמז תשס"א) הנוגע במת, נוגע במת טמא אין מת עצמו טמא נוגע במת טמא אין בנה של שונמית טמא אמרו בנה של שונמית כשמת כל שהיה עמו בבית טמא היה טומאת שבעה וכשחיה היה טהור לקודש חזרו ונגעו בו טמאוהו הם ה"ז אומר מטמאיך לא טמאוני ואתה טימאתני,

The Sifri says that unlike all other things that are tamei, the body of a dead person is not tamei. It just causes tumah in others. When the child of the Shunamis was revived, he was not tamei.

This is not unique. There are other tumos that are caused by objects that are not tamei, such as a נבילת עוף טהור, which causes tuma to one who eats it (מטמא בגדים בבית הבליעה), but not to one who touches it.

4.   Where did they keep the Matteh of Mei Meriva when it was not being used. What does this imply about whose matteh it was.

20:9, ויקח משה את המטה מלפני ה' כאשר צוהו

Which sounds like it was Aharon’s matteh, because that's the only matteh we know was kept in the Mishkan.

17:25, ויאמר ה' אל משה השב את מטה אהרן לפני העדות למשמרת לאות לבני מרי

5.    A source for the idea that departed ancestors share the emotions of the living.

20:15   וַיֵּרְד֤וּ אֲבֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ מִצְרַ֔יְמָה וַנֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וַיָּרֵ֥עוּ לָ֛נוּ מִצְרַ֖יִם וְלַאֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃

Rashi

ולאבתינו. מִכָּאן שֶׁהָאָבוֹת מִצְטַעֲרִים בַּקֶּבֶר כְּשֶׁפֻּרְעָנוּת בָּאָה עַל יִשְֹרָאֵל (עי' תנחומא י'ב):

Tanchuma

 שֶׁל אָבוֹת כָּאן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיָּרֵעוּ לָנוּ מִצְרִים וְלַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ. לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁכָּל זְמַן שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל בַּצָּרָה, אַף הֵם בַּצָּרָה

It's not only to suffer. The Mekubalim tell us that the souls of the departed come to the wedding of their children and grandchildren (see Zohar Pinchas, Shu”t Maharash Engel vol. 7 page 119, and Yesod Veshoresh Haovodah Shaar Hakolel 15)

6.    An example that people with impulse control problems should not rely on their resolutions.

20:18   וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֱד֔וֹם לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר בִּ֑י פֶּן־בַּחֶ֖רֶב אֵצֵ֥א לִקְרָאתֶֽךָ׃

The word “pen” indicates that they would agree to allow Bnei Yisrael safe passage, but they knew they were children of Eisav, and it was impossible to know what might trigger a violent reaction.

 

7.    According to Rav Tarfon, for a neder to be binding, it can not involve any element of doubt.  Nedarim require Hafla'ah, clarity and certainty, and any neder that is based on an "if" is not a neder. Where do we see in our Parsha that a conditional neder is binding?  

In our parsha (21:2-3) the nation said 

וידר ישראל נדר לה' ויאמר אם נתן תתן את־העם הזה בידי והחרמתי את עריהם 

וישמע ה' בקול ישראל ויתן את הכנעני ויחרם אתהם ואת עריהם ויקרא שם המקום חרמה

We see that a conditional neder is binding. This seems to be contrary to Rav Tarfon who said that certainty at the time a neder is made is essential, and the neder is not binding without it. Nedarim 21a, where two people made conditional nedarim - one said "If he is X, I am a nazir," and the other said "If he is NOT X, I am a nazir."

ר' יהודה היא, דאמר משום רבי טרפון: לעולם אין אחד מהן נזיר, לפי שלא ניתנה נזירות אלא להפלאה

Ran there- 

לפי שלא ניתנה נזירות אלא להפלאה – וה"ה לנדרים דאיתקש לנזירות דלא חייל אלא א"כ יקבל בלא תנאי הלכך מוכר ולוקח שתלו נדרם בתנאי אף על פי שעברו על תנאם לא חיילי נדרייהו". וכן בעוד ראשונים שנדרים הוקשו לנזירות.

The Keren Orah asks from our Parsha and says it could be that the great danger they faced makes even an uncertain neder binding.

מאן תנא ארבעה נדרים, ר"י משום ר"ט היא, דאמר לעולם אין אחד מהן נזיר, שלא ניתנה נזירות אלא להפלאה. ופי' ז"ל דבין בנזירות ובין בנדרים לר"ט לא הוי נדר ונזיר אם תלה באיזה תנאי, דבעינן שיהא הדבר מפורש בלי שום תנאי. ויש לדקדק מראשון לנודרים יעקב אבינו ע"ה (בראשית כ"ח, כ' – כ"ב) אם יהיה אלהים עמדי כו', וכל אשר תתן לי כו', ונענש על איחור נדרו (ב"ר פ"א, ב'). ולר"ט הא לא חל הנדר כלל, כיון שתלה בתנאי. וכן נאמר מפורש (במדבר כ"א, ב') וידר ישראל נדר אם כו' והחרמתי את עריהם כו', משמע דהוי נדר אפילו אם תלאו בתנאי. וכן חנה ויפתח כולם נדרו בתנאי. ובסנהדרין פרק זה בורר (כ"ה ע"א) אמרינן דהא דמשחקי בקוביא הוי אסמכתא הוא משום דר"י משום ר"ט. ופי' ז"ל דאי אסמכתא קניא אם כן ניתן להפלאה, ולמה ממעט ליה מכי יפליא. אלא ודאי שמע מינה דאסמכתא לא קניא משום דלא סמכא דעתיה, ומשום הכי לאו נדר הוא. ור' יהודה אליביה דנפשיה פליג התם וסבירא ליה דמשחק בקוביא לאו אסמכתא הוא. אבל גם הוא מודה דאיכא גוונא דאית ביה אסמכתא. כגון אם תלה בתנאי שהוא בידו. וכמו שכתבו התוס' ז"ל שם בסנהדרין (כ"ד ע"ב ד"ה כל כי האי) ובעירובין (פ"ב ע"א ד"ה אמר). ואם כן לדידיה נמי איכא למידרש דרשא דכי יפליא להאי גוונא, כגון שתלה בתנאי שבידו. וכן משמע בריש מכילתין (ה' ע"ב) דסתמא דגמרא דריש מה נזירות בהפלאה אף נדרים בהפלאה, עיין שם בדברי הר"ן ז"ל. אבל בחגיגה סוף פ"ק (דף י' ע"א) משמע דלרבנן דר"ט לא דרשינן כי יפליא להאי דרשא ע"ש. ומכל מקום צריך עיון בכל הני תנאים שהוזכרו אצל נזירות ונדרים והקדש אי שייך בהן אסמכתא. ואמאי פליג ר"ט בכולהו. ונדרים האמורים בכתובים יש לומר דנודר בעת צרה שאני, דגמר ומשעבד נפשיה, וגם ר"ט מודה, וצ"ע בזה

I never saw this as a problem. I do not think it has to be binding for it to be meaningful. It was a resolution, a promise, a statement of intent about what they would do if they won the war. For some reason, many achronim assume the opposite, that since it says "neder," that word means "a legally recognized neder," and that includes being enforceable. I do not know why that is true.

8.    Is a kohen gadol allowed to be under the same roof as a dead person?

Eliezer became kohen gadol upon Aharon’s death, and he was in the cave with him.

Was this an exception to the rule?

Rav Shteinman (Ayeles HaShachar) brings the Baal HaTurim that implies that Elazar didn't become the Kohen Gadol until after he was anointed, in which case he was still a kohen hedyot and permitted to be present at Aharon's death. This is difficult, because that seems to be the whole point of Moshe dressing him in Aharon’s bigdei kohen gadol.

S'fas Emes (Kerisos5) says that Elazar did not need an additional anointing to become Kohen Gadol, since he had already been anointed during the seven days of the consecration of the Mishkan. 

But the question can be answered with the Ramban in 19:2 who says that those who die through Neshikah, without the malach hamaves, have no tumah.  Aharon died בנשיקה.

כִּי הַנִּפְטָרִים בִּנְשִׁיקָה לֹא יְטַמְּאוּ מִן הַדִּין, וְהוּא שֶׁאָמְרוּ: ״צַדִּיקִים אֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין״.

Also the Recanati in Chukas 5.

הנוגע במת לכל נפש אדם וטמא שבעת ימים כבר כתבנו כי סבת טומאת המת הוא מצד מלאך המות שהטיל בו זוהמא והמטמא בו צריך טהרה. אמנם מי שמת בנשיקה מת על פי יי' כפי הדבקה בשכינה ואין רוח הטומאה שולט במיתתן לפיכך אין האויר נפסד לפי ששמרו נשמתן ולא נתפתו ביצר הרע ונשארו טהורות ולבנות כמו שנופחו מפי יי' יתברך ועל כן יציאתם גם כן היא על פי יי' יתברך ושם נדבקין

This seems incompatible with the Sifri Zuta I brought above.

Questions for Korach

1.   What country was called Zavas Chalav Udevash.

2.   In Hebrew, Samim means drugs. Where do you see that taking medicine without a prescription is deadly?

✮3.   If you are fighting with someone wicked, and you are both davening to the Ribono shel Olam, and you know that you are the tzadik and the other guy is the rasha, should you just rely on the Ribono shel Olam to ignore your wicked opponent’s prayers, or do you have to do something else.

✮4.   It has been said that one out of forty of Klal Yisrael died as a consequence of the rebellion of Korach. That would be 603,550 divided by forty, 15,088. But the numbers we have are:

in the immediate punishment of Korach and his men, 250 plus Korach and Dasan and Aviram, 253;

in the subsequent plague,14,700.

The total is 14,953, which is 135 fewer than 15,088.

Find the simple gematria that answers this question perfectly.

✮5.   The general rule is that while a Talmid Chacham and a father can be mochel on their kavod, a king can not be mochel. Where do we find that Moshe was mochel on his kavod. For extra credit, suggest why the rule does not apply in this case.

✮6.   In the American vernacular, ‘oily’ is used to describe a criminal who uses a slippery or slick or unctuous manner to trick you into doing something destructive out of his self interest. It’s just a coincidence, but where do we see such a term associated with a villain.

7.   The Gemara in Kiddushin 22b says that washing someone is a particularly personal type of service. We all know that our minhag is that Leviim wash the hands of Kohanim before duchening, and the Beis Yosef says that the only basis for this that he knows is the Zohar. Show me a possible source for this minhag in our parsha.  (Torah Temimah)

1.   What country was called Zavas Chalav Udevash.

Mitzrayim. 16:13,

הַמְעַט כִּי הֶעֱלִיתָנוּ מֵאֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבַשׁ לַהֲמִיתֵנוּ בַּמִּדְבָּר כִּי־תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּם־הִשְׂתָּרֵר׃ 

אַף לֹא אֶל־אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבַשׁ הֲבִיאֹתָנוּ וַתִּתֶּן־לָנוּ נַחֲלַת שָׂדֶה וָכָרֶם הַעֵינֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים הָהֵם תְּנַקֵּר לֹא נַעֲלֶה׃

2.   In Hebrew, Samim means drugs. Where do you see that taking medicine without a prescription is deadly?

From the Ketores haSamim. It killed Korach and his people, but it protected the people from the plague when Aharon brought it out.

3.   If you are fighting with someone wicked, and you are both davening to the Ribono shel Olam, and you know that you are the tzadik and the other guy is the rasha, should you just rely on the Ribono shel Olam to ignore your wicked opponent’s prayers, or do you have to do something else.

You should ask Hashem to not listen to his prayers. 16:15

וַיִּחַר לְמֹשֶׁה מְאֹד וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל ה' אַל־תֵּפֶן אֶל־מִנְחָתָם 

4.   It has been said that one out of forty of Klal Yisrael died as a consequence of the rebellion of Korach. That would be 603,550 divided by forty, 15,088. But the numbers we have are:

in the immediate punishment of Korach and his men, 250 plus Korach and Dasan and Aviram, 253;

In the subsequent plague,14,700.

The total is 14,953, which is 135 fewer than 15,088.

Find the simple gematria that answers this question perfectly.

17:12,   הַקָּהָל. Kahal equals 135.  Aharon's tefilla and ketores saved the Kahal, that is, the 135 who were about to die.

וַיִּקַּח אַהֲרֹן כַּאֲשֶׁר  דִּבֶּר מֹשֶׁה וַיָּרׇץ אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַקָּהָל וְהִנֵּה הֵחֵל הַנֶּגֶף בָּעָם וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־הַקְּטֹרֶת וַיְכַפֵּר עַל־הָעָם׃

(based on Maharil Diskin.)

5.   The general rule is that while a Talmid Chacham and a father can be mochel on their kavod, a king can not be mochel. Where do we find that Moshe was mochel on his kavod. For extra credit, suggest why the rule does not apply in this case.

16:12, where Moshe asked Dasan and Aviram to make peace.

Reasons that this was allowed-

San 19b, 

גבי מלך דתנן לא חולץ ולא חולצין לאשתו רבי יהודה אומר אם רצה לחלוץ וליבם זכור לטוב איני והאמר רב אשי וכו' ומשני מצוה שאני 

שום תשים, which is the source for not being able to forego, did not apply to Moshe, who was not chosen by the people. (Reb Chaim Kanievsky in his Shekel HaIKodesh and Mikneh Kiddushin 42b.) This also explains how Moshe could serve Yisro.

He was mochel in order to preserve his malchus.

6.   In the American vernacular, ‘oily’ is used to describe a criminal who uses a slippery or slick or unctuous manner to trick you into doing something destructive out of his self interest. It’s just a coincidence, but where do we see such a term associated with a villain.

16:1, Korach ben Yitzhar.  יִּקַּח קֹרַח בֶּן־יִצְהָר

 18:12, the mitzva of Teruma, Yitzhareicha, your oil.   כֹּל חֵלֶב יִצְהָר וְכׇל־חֵלֶב תִּירוֹשׁ וְדָגָן 

7.   The Gemara in Kiddushin 22b says that washing someone is a particularly personal type of service. We all know that our minhag is that Leviim wash the hands of Kohanim before duchening, and the Beis Yosef says that the only basis for this that he knows is the Zohar. Show me a possible source for this minhag in our parsha.  (Torah Temimah)

18:2,  וְגַם אֶת־אַחֶיךָ מַטֵּה לֵוִי שֵׁבֶט אָבִיךָ הַקְרֵב אִתָּךְ וְיִלָּווּ עָלֶיךָ וִישָׁרְתוּךָ

 Not in this parsha, but the Baal Haturim in Eikev sees a remez to the minhag that the Kohanim wash their hands. Devarim 10:8-9, and even though he doesn't say it, it would seem to also be merameiz that it is the Leviim who should do it.

מִשָּׁ֥ם נָסְע֖וּ הַגֻּדְגֹּ֑דָה וּמִן־הַגֻּדְגֹּ֣דָה יׇטְבָ֔תָה אֶ֖רֶץ נַ֥חֲלֵי מָֽיִם׃ 

בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗וא הִבְדִּ֤יל יְהֹוָה֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט הַלֵּוִ֔י לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהֹוָ֑ה לַעֲמֹד֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהֹוָ֤ה לְשָֽׁרְתוֹ֙ וּלְבָרֵ֣ךְ בִּשְׁמ֔וֹ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃

Baal Haturim:

בעת ההיא הבדיל ה' את שבט הלוי סמך כאן לומר שהלוים החזירו את ישראל: סמך מים ללשאת את הארון ולברך לומר שצריך ליטול ידיו כדי לישא כפיו: