This was inspired by something Reb Chaim B wrote, and much of it is a restatement of his words. Most of what's not Reb Chaim's is my wife's, Malkie's. -Boswell-
In דברים כא,יח, in the parsha of בן סורר ומורה it says איננו שמע בקול אביו ובקול אמו. What terrible crime is he guilty of that is described as איננו שמע בקלנו? What is the added word koleinu, when it could say eileinu?
In Parshas Breishis, Hashem chastises Adam Harishon for the sin of the Etz Hadaas, saying (Breishis 3:17) כי שמעת לקול אשתך. What is added with the word לקול? The Or Hachaim says
שקבל דברי אשתו ולא בדק אחריה ונמשך לו מזה שאכל מן העץ. ודקדק לומר לקול, לרמוז שלא בחן בדבריה, אלא להברת דבריה, שאמרה לו קח ואכול אכל, והיה לו לשאול מאיזה עץ לקחה.
According to the Or Hachaim, "Kol" is different than dibbur or amira, kol is what he calls the havara. I translate that to mean the tone, or we might say "the voice" as opposed to "the words." By Chava, the problem was that Adam listened to her enticing voice without carefully thinking about what she was saying. A Kol is the emotional aspect of communication, not the intellectual aspect.
Applying this to our question by בן סורר ומורה, we see that the problem is not just that he doesn't listen to what they tell him, it is that he is indifferent to what they want to impart as parents. He has disassociated himself from them to the point that he is indifferent to the mesorah and the way of life and the beliefs that a child would naturally absorb from his parents. He is alienated; he views them as foreign to his way of life.
Yirmiahu (9:11) says
מי האיש החכם ויבן את זאת ואשר דבר פי ה' אליו ויגדה; על מה אבדה הארץ, נצתה כמדבר מבלי עבר. ויאמר ה' על עזבם את תורתי אשר נתתי לפניהם ולא שמעו בקולי ולא הלכו בה. וילכו אחרי שררות לבם ואחרי הבעלים אשר למדום אבותם
The Gemara in Nedarim 81a and BM 85a-b explains what it was that the people did not understand. Evidently, although there was reshaim, the people as a whole did the Mitzvos and learned Torah. Why would the majority be punished for the sins of the minority? The zechus of the rabbim should have protected them! Nobody could understand what was happening, until the Ribono shel Olam explained it, על עזבם את תורתי אשר נתתי לפניהם ולא שמעו בקולי ולא הלכו בה. But that can't be taken literally, because if they had abandoned the Torah, the question would not have been so hard to answer. The Gemara explains that they didn't make a bracha before learning Torah. The Ran explains that they didn't learn Torah out of a desire to understand the thoughts of the Ribono shel Olam, they only learned in order to pasken the halacha. According to the Ran's pshat, they considered learning Torah to have value only as a hechsher, and you don't make a bracha on a hechsher mitzva. But it is still hard to understand, it this is such a terrible aveira that their Torah and Mitzvos lost the ability to be meigin? Would not their high level of learning, the מאור שבה, have eventually brought them back to where they should have been?
With the Or Hachaim we can explain it. There is the letter of the law and the spirit of the law. If a person only follows the technical halacha but does not allow the meaning and spirit of the mitzvos to come into his heart and mind, his mitzvos mean very little. Not only do his mitzvos mean little, but it is a terrible sin to be an expert in the letter of the law, and yet remain resolutely tone deaf to the moral and ethical aspect, to know the Dibros but not pay attention to the Kol. When such people do mitzvos, it is the act of a vassal that has no choice but to do as his master demands. This is not the loving relationship of an eved Hashem. It is inevitable that such Shemiras HaMitzvos will ultimately degenerate into behavior that is completely inconsistent with the Torah. Such a people will twist the Torah and the Mitzvos into something unrecognizable.
Now that we have said this pshat in this Gemara, we will recognize that this is what Reb Yochanan means in his statement in Bava Metzia 30b.
אשר יעשון זו לפנים משורת הדין, דאמר ר' יוחנן לא חרבה ירושלים אלא על שדנו בה דין תורה. אלא דיני דמגיזתא לדיינו? אלא אימא שהעמידו דיניהם על דין תורה ולא עבדו לפנים משורת הדין
Steve Dubey pointed out that the early Reform movement recognized the great importance of the "Kol Hashem." They believed that this is the true essence of Judaism, and actual mitzvos don't matter. All that matters, they said, is the spirit of the law, the refinement and social responsibility and tikkun olam. Unfortunately, as it turned out, if you're not anchored by the taryag, then you will float away into something that has nothing to do with the Ribono shel Olam. As the Chinuch says, without mitzvos maasiyos, philosophy is a will o' the wisp, and neither does it last nor does it have any deep effect. (Mitzva 16. ועתה בני, אם בינה - שמעה זאת והטה אוזנך ושמע, אלמדך להועיל בתורה ובמצוות: דע, כי האדם נפעל כפי פעולותיו, ולבו וכל מחשבותיו תמיד אחר מעשיו שהוא עוסק בהם, אם טוב ואם רע)
Doing the mitzvos without hearing the kol, and claiming to hear the kol without doing the mitzvos, both violate the heart of the Torah and contradict the purpose of Klal Yisrael. That's what the passuk in Yirmiah means. על עזבם את תורתי אשר נתתי לפניהם ולא שמעו בקולי ולא הלכו בה. If you do the mitzvos without hearing the kol, you're not really doing the mitzvos at all. That's what caused the Churban.
When my wife spoke this past Shabbos, she connected this to Sarah's shema bekolah, Rashi says that (Breishis 21:12) Avraham Avinu was mortified to hear what Sarah Imeinu said about sending Yishmael and Hagar away. Indeed, her words were terrible. But when you understand what lies behind them, you will follow them, because you will discern the Ruach Hakodesh behind her words. Similarly, when Yitzchak said about his masked son "hakol kol yaakov," Rashi says it means with derech eretz and patience.
(When my Rosh Yeshiva and Rebbi, Rav Rudderman, was elderly and sick, he had to be hospitalized, and he lay in bed, speaking to no one, and refusing to eat. Rabbi Neuberger called my father in Chicago, and asked him to fly in to Baltimore to see if he could somehow bring Rav Rudderman out of his terrible decline. My father came in, and as soon as he walked into the room, Rav Rudderman sat up in bed and greeted him, and he took something to eat, and they spoke animatedly. My father told him that he had been told that Rav Rudderman had not spoken to anyone for days, and they were very worried, and my father said he didn't understand, Rav Rudderman had plenty of talmidim gedolei Torah that he could talk to in learning. Why didn't he talk to anyone but my father? Rav Rudderman answered, it was true, he indeed had many talmidim he could talk to, but not one of them talked in the nusach of Slabodka. Only my father could talk to him in the nusach of Slabodka. And that unique kol, only that kol, made the difference between Rav Rudderman lying in bed so depressed that they feared for his life, and being animated and excited.)
If you truly have a connection to the Ribono shel Olam, then you don't merely follow His commandments, you try to discern what kind of person He wants you to become. You realize that there are a myriad of things that distinguish an eved Hashem, and you will desire to incorporate as much of them into your life as possible.
This Kol of the Ribono shel Olam is not just His words, it is that which cannot be expressed in words. In fact, sometimes, there is no sound at all....
Eliahu had a vision in the cave, described in Shmuel 1:19.
ט ויבוא-שם אל-המערה, וילן שם; והנה דבר ה', אליו, ויאמר לו, מה-לך פה אלייהו. י ויאמר קנוא קינאתי לה' אלוהי צבאות, כי-עזבו בריתך בני ישראל--את-מזבחותיך הרסו, ואת-נביאיך הרגו בחרב; ואיוותר אני לבדי, ויבקשו את-נפשי לקחתה. יא ויאמר, צא ועמדת בהר לפני ה', והנה ה' עובר ורוח גדולה וחזק מפרק הרים ומשבר סלעים לפני ה', לא ברוח ה'; ואחר הרוח רעש, לא ברעש ה'. יב ואחר הרעש אש, לא באש ה'; ואחר האש, קול דממה דקה. יג ויהי כשמוע אלייהו, וילט פניו באדרתו, וייצא, ויעמוד פתח המערה; והנה אליו, קול, ויאמר, מה-לך פה אלייהו. יד ויאמר קנוא קינאתי לה' אלוהי צבאות, כי-עזבו בריתך בני ישראל--את-מזבחותיך הרסו, ואת-נביאיך הרגו בחרב; ואיוותר אני לבדי, ויבקשו את-נפשי לקחתה. טו ויאמר ה' אליו, לך שוב לדרכך מדברה דמשק; ובאת, ומשחת את-חזאל למלך--על-ארם. טז ואת יהוא בן-נמשי, תמשח למלך על-ישראל; ואת-אלישע בן-שפט מאביל מחולה, תמשח לנביא תחתיך.
What does that mean, ואחר האש, קול דממה דקה? If its silent, it's not a kol. The answer is that sometimes, silence speaks loudest. The Ribono shel Olam said to Eliahu, the time for Kanaus is over. Now is the time to influence Klal Yisrael in a softer manner, not harshly but instead with a קול דממה דקה. But Eliahu responded, again, קנוא קינאתי , this is the only way I know to teach Klal Yisrael. So Hashem said, the time has come for you to appoint a successor that knows how to talk to Klal Yisrael today.
When we say Selichos, we say, שמע קולנו ה' אלוהינו, חוס ורחם עלינו. Ribono shel Olam, please listen to our Kol, listen to our tefillos, look how we supplicate and beg you. What do you think the Ribono shel Olam answers? Hashem answers, Shma bekoli. Do the mitzvos, but don't just do them min hasafa velachutz. Listen to My Kol. Do the mitzvos and understand what kind of human beings I expect the mitzvos to make you, both din and lifnim mishuras hadin. When you are שומע בקולי, then אשמע בקולכם.
Note:
Rav Avraham ben HaGra's pshat in the difference between Kol and Dibbur in his periush on Tefilla appears to be identical with the Ohr HaChaim, and he uses it to explain Shema Koleinu, as we did. Thank you to Harav Shmuel Yeshaya Keller from Telshe, Chicago, for the excellent mareh makom.
שמע קולנו פי' שיש הבדל בין דבור לקול דיבור הוא להטעים את כונתו וקול הוא קול דברים היוצאים מרצון האדם בלא טעם כאשר בא הצווי אל אברהם כל אשר תאמר אליך שרה שמע בקולה גם שלא ישרו בעיניך וכן אמר עקב אשר שמע אברהם בקולי ולא הרהר אחרי וכן וידר ישראל נדר לה' ויאמר אם נתן תתן את העם הזה בידי והחרמתי את עריהם וישמע ה' בקול ישראל ויתן את הכנעני בידם ואמר בקול ישראל כי נדר הזה לא היה לו טעם לדעת המקום ברוך הוא ולא היה חפץ בזה כי מעל ישראל בחרם אצל יריחו אף על פי כן שמע בקולם וכן וידום השמש וירח עמד עד יקום גוי אויביו הלא היא כתובה על ספר הישר וגו' ולא היה כיום ההוא לפניו ולאחריו לשמוע ה' בקול איש כי ה' נלחם לישראל ורז"ל דרשו על ספר הישר זה ספר בראשית שנזכרו בו מעשי אבות ומה ענינו לכאן ולפי דרכנו יתכן שלא היה ביום ההוא לשמוע ה' בקול איש מעולם האזין תפלת ישראל שהיה לצורך וכאן היה רק קול דברים עד יקום גוי אויביו הלא ה' נלחם לישראל למה ישנה טבע מערכות שמים בחנם להעמיד השמש בחצי השמים הרבה שלוחים למקום להשמידם אבל היה לשלם זכות אבותינו שהיו שומעים לחוקי אלהים אשר לא השיגו טעמיהן ועשו בלבב שלם כן שילם ה' לבניהם וזהו טעם הלא היא כתובה על ספר הישר טעם זה מעשי האבות שהיו עושין רצון המקום בלי טעם כן שילם ה' לבניהם וזהו שאנו מתפללים שמע קולנו גם שאין זכות עשה עמנו בזכות אבותינו
>>>When my wife spoke this past Shabbos, she connected this to Sarah's shema bekolah
ReplyDeleteAmazing -- when I said over at our Shabbos table this idea connecting the Ohr haChaim's interpretation of kol to the parsha of ben sorer u'moreh, my wife made exactly the same observation, connecting it to "shema b'kolah." I can see why that pasuk would be memorable for wives more than husbands : )
I just read your comment to my wife, and we both got a laugh out of it.
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