First, the Mishna Berura (Shaarei Tziyun 429:10) says that the idea of kimcha d'pishcha is that if we are going to sit like kings at our tables, for other families to have to scrimp to make a minimal seuda is abhorrent.
Second, Reb Chaim B showed us the Gaon in Bo that says that the nikkud Tei'acheil means that part of the mitzva of matza is that we see to it that others have as well. In fact, the word Matzos in that part of the passuk is malei, while elsewhere it is chaseir, to show that when you take care of the needy, you have to make sure that he has plenty. I suppose that’s how this is different from the general rule of Areivus- Areivus would mean you need to ensure that others have enough, but there is no expectation that they should have more than you. This drasha indicates that the evyon should have plenty, and that given a choice between plenty for you or for the evyon, you should favor the evyon.
ו) שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תֹּאכַל מַצֹּת וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי חַג לַה' ז) מַצּוֹת יֵאָכֵל אֵת שִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים וגו
יש להבין
א) מדוע נכפלו האזהרות ונשנו פעמים
ב) בראשון כתיב ״תֹּאכַל״ מבנין הקל ובשני ״יֵאָכֵל" מבנין נפעל
ג) מַצֹּת הראשון חסר ווהשני מַצּוֹת מלא
ויש לומר לרמז בזה המנהג שבא בהגהות הרמ"א או"ח (סימן תכ"ט) לקנות חטים לחלקן לעניים לצורך פסח, ומקורו מהירושלמי פ"א דב"ה כידוע, והנה בראשונה צוה לכל אחד מישראל על אכילת מצה בפסח, זה שאמר "שבעת ימים תאכל מצת", ר"ל אתה בעצמך, ומלבד חיובך לעצמך מוזהר אתה להשתדל ולראות שמצות יאכל על ידי אחרים העניים, ולהם תתן כדי שביעה ממש, ככתוב "ואכלו בשעריך ושבעו", לכן כתיב כאן מצות מלא, אבל מצת הראשון חסר, שלעצמו הוא רשאי לדקדק ולצמצם אכילתו עד כזית עד כביצה
Third, the chiddush of the day.
Perhaps the most important reason for the mitzva of sippur and even zechira is because it reminds us of hashgacha pratis, it strengthens our emunah, and most important, it reminds us that just as the Jews were redeemed from Mitzrayim, we too will be redeemed from the Hester Panim of the Galus and we too will see an outpouring of nissim geluyim as we rebuild the Beis haMikdash. The Smak in the first Mitzva says that this is why the Dibros began with "Anochi...asher hotzeisicha." Our emunah is based on yetzias mitzrayim. We can think of it as "Remembering the Future."
שכשם שיש לנו להאמין שהוציאנו ממצרים דכתיב אנכי ה' אלקיך אשר הוצאתיך וגו' ועל כורחין מאחר שהוא דיבור (כלומר מאחר שהוא דיבור וכל הדברות הם ציווים, כך אנכי הוא ציווי), הכי קאמר כשם שאני רוצה שתאמינו בי שאני הוצאתי אתכם כך אני רוצה שתאמינו בי שאני ה' אלקיכם ואני עתיד לקבץ אתכם ולהושיעכם. וכן יושיעינו ברחמיו שנית כדכתיב ושב וקבצץ מכל העמים
Reb Chatzkel, in his sefer on Emunah, says a tremendous mussar haskeil that is important to keep in mind: If you leave the Seder without strengthened emunah, you missed the tachlis of the mitzva. This does not mean it should be a dour session of mussar and hashkafa. It means that the celebration and recollection should be consciously expanded into our hopes and expectations.
This also gives a new aspect to פותחין בגנאי. We can never allow our low estimation of our spiritual achievements to lead us to despair. The Jews in Mitzrayim were beaten, and they were spiritually diminished, and they were practically indistinguishable from their pagan neighbors- but a promise is a promise, and the עם הנבחר is non-negotiable, and the Geula foretold to Avraham Avinu came true.
Which brings us to the Maharal.
In the דברי נגידים hagada from the Maharal, (page 155, after bentching, ענין פתיחת הדלת,) he says that the purpose of the Kos shel Eliahu, the kos of "ve'heiveisi," is to symbolize the Geula Ha'asida. (This is also mentioned in the Mishna Berura 480 sk 10.) It is on the table, but we don't drink it yet. We go to the door to see, is Eliahu Hanavi here to proclaim that Mashiach is about to come? Has the Geula begun yet? We wait faithfully, and we know it's going to happen.
(This is also brought down here.)
This is also said in the Matteh Moshe siman 655 by Rav Moshe Maht of Przemysl/פרמישלה, a talmid of the Maharshal:
ומוזגין כוס רביעי ואומר עליו שפוך חמתך על הגוים. והטעם מפני שד׳ כוסות אלו הם כנגד ד׳ כוסות של פורענות שעתיד הקב״ה להשקות את האומות כמו שכתבתי לעיל ואנו אומרים על כוס רביעי לפני הקב״ה בזה הכוס אנו משלימין המצוה מעתה עשה מה שהבטחתנו לשפוך אותן ד׳ כוסות של פורעניות על העכו״ם. ומנהגינו לפתוח הדלת כדי לזכור שהוא ליל שמורים ובזכות אמונה זו יבא משיח וישפוך חמתו על הגוים. ועוד להראות אמונתינו בביאת משיח כאילו אנו מצפים ומקוים מחכים על ביאתו אף כי יתמהמה. ובזכות זה יחיש ה׳ את גאולתינו וישפוך חמתו על הגוים
הנה ביציאת מצרים נבררו ישראל ונבדלו מכל העמים, להיות מתעלים במדרגתם ממדרגת האנושיות החומרית, ולהיות ראויים להתעטר בעטרות הקדושה. ומה שעד אותו הזמן היה חשך החומריות מתגבר בגוף וגורם לאור התורה הקדושה שלא יאיר, הנה מאחר שסבלו ישראל הענוי והשעבוד הגדול שסבלו, נתפייסה מידת הדין, ונשאר המקטרג בלי טענה, ונזמנו לאור באור העליון. והנה בלילה הזה כל זה מתחדש ומתעורר מה שנעשה בראשונה, וזה עצמו סיוע אל הגאולה האחרונה שתעשה
And this brings us back to the topic of Ma'os Chitim: Once we understand that the Seder is to strengthen our bitachon in the geula, we realize that it is davka now that tzedaka is doubly important, because Nissan is the month of the Geula, and our geula is dependent on the chesed we do to each other. As the Ribono shel Olam told the navi Yeshaya, ציון במשפט תיפדה; ושביה בצדקה
The Rambam (Matnos Aniyim 10:1, and brought in the Tur YD 247) expands on this idea and says,
ואין כיסא ישראל מתכונן ודת האמת עומדת אלא בצדקה, שנאמר "בצדקה, תיכונני"; ואין ישראל נגאלין אלא בזכות הצדקה, שנאמר ציון במשפט תיפדה; ושביה בצדקה .
This is is why we begin with Kol Dichfin, which we don't do on any other yomtov. We don't even call Maos Chittim "Tzedaka," because we don't investigate the status of the the recipient, does he have mazon for 14 meals. We give each person enough that he can celebrate the Yomtov like a king. This is not necessarily a din in "Tzedaka," it is unique to the concept of Kimcha dePischa, as the Chida says, and as I said from the Gaon above. Indeed, many achronim say that it is important that each of us have a guest at the meal. Even without the achronim, all you have to do is look around and see that this is true. Why? Because the chessed of Hachnassas Orchim on Pesach is not merely ancillary, and not based only on the Rambam's general din of Yomtov (VI Shvisas Yomtov 18,)
וכשהוא אוכל ושותה חייב להאכיל לגר ליתום ולאלמנה עם שאר העניים האמללים. אבל מי שנועל דלתות חצרו ואוכל ושותה הוא ובניו ואשתו ואינו מאכיל ומשקה לעניים ולמרי נפש אין זו שמחת מצוה אלא שמחת כריסו. ועל אלו נאמר זבחיהם כלחם אונים להם כל אוכליו יטמאו כי לחמם לנפשם. ושמחה כזו קלון היא להם שנאמר וזריתי פרש על פניכם פרש חגיכם
On Pesach, it is more than that: it is as important an element of the Seder as the Shmura Matza.
The unsinkable Reb Chaim Brown took the idea of the Seder being a lesson in Emunah and he did some excellent work with it. I encourage you to see it inside at http://divreichaim.blogspot.com/2015/04/galus-mitzrayim-and-seder-story-as.html
☛ My son in law, Harav Avram Lawrence, added a perfect he'ara to this vort. He said that the Gemara in Kesuvos 61a says that the two sons of R Chisda, one told the butler to eat before he served all the guests, and the other had the butler wait to eat until he had served all the guests The one who had the shamash eat first merited the visits of Eliahu haNavi, because it's not fair to have him wait and be hungry.
The unsinkable Reb Chaim Brown took the idea of the Seder being a lesson in Emunah and he did some excellent work with it. I encourage you to see it inside at http://divreichaim.blogspot.com/2015/04/galus-mitzrayim-and-seder-story-as.html
☛ My son in law, Harav Avram Lawrence, added a perfect he'ara to this vort. He said that the Gemara in Kesuvos 61a says that the two sons of R Chisda, one told the butler to eat before he served all the guests, and the other had the butler wait to eat until he had served all the guests The one who had the shamash eat first merited the visits of Eliahu haNavi, because it's not fair to have him wait and be hungry.
רב מרי ורב פנחס בני רב חסדא מר קדים ספי ומר מאחר ספי דקדים ספי אליהו משתעי בהדיה דמאחר ספי לא משתעי אליהו בהדיה
Rashi-
קדים ספי. קודם שיתן לפניו: מאחר ספי. מכל מין ומין לאחר שנתן לפניו ולפני האורחין: דקדים ספי משתעי אליהו בהדיה. לפי שכשנותן לפניהן והוא רואה ומתאוה ומצטער ופעמים שיש אורחין הרבה:
Perhaps, he said, this is what we mean in Ha lachma anya. כל דכפין ייתי וייכול כל דצריך ייתי ויפסח, we invite guests to eat. Perhaps this means that we tell our guests that if our Seder is too lenghty for them, if they are hungry and would like to begin the meal quickly, we will serve them immediately, without waiting until we finish the Seder and begin our own meal. By doing this, we might be zocheh to gilui Eliahu, which, as we discussed above, is the most important focus of the Seder, because Eliahu is the harbinger of the Geulah.
☛ Once again, a phenomenal observation from Reb Chaim B, in the comments-
I think that's a great he'ara. It could be that the Yidden in Mitzrayim thought the Matza was a zeicher for Lechem Oni, and that's true, but they didn't realize that the Mitzva of Matza encompassed an expression of the imminent geula.
Finally: here is a link to a great examination of the minhag of Kos shel Eliyahu by Eliezer Brodt.
http://seforim.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-cup-for-visitor-what-lies-behind.html
☛ Once again, a phenomenal observation from Reb Chaim B, in the comments-
"the mitzvah of matzah itself has built into it this idea of anticipating the future. We say in the haggadah that the reason we eat matzah is because BN"Y had to run out and did not have time to let the dough rise. Yet even without that reason, they had to eat matzah because Hashem had given them a mitzvah to do so beforehand. Which is it -- the mitzvah or the haste? Answer (according to some of the meforshim at least) is both -- Hashem gave them the mitzvah anticipating the fact that they would have to leave b'chipazon."
I think that's a great he'ara. It could be that the Yidden in Mitzrayim thought the Matza was a zeicher for Lechem Oni, and that's true, but they didn't realize that the Mitzva of Matza encompassed an expression of the imminent geula.
Finally: here is a link to a great examination of the minhag of Kos shel Eliyahu by Eliezer Brodt.
http://seforim.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-cup-for-visitor-what-lies-behind.html
The Midrash Eichah writes on "galsa yehudah mei'oni" that the galus is because they did not keep the issur of chometz and did not support the poor. "Ha lachma" combines both themes, showing that we've corrected both problems and now anticipate an upcoming geulah. Have a chag kasher v'samei'ach!
ReplyDeleteIt dawned on me over Pesach that the mitzvah of matzah itself has built into it this idea of anticipating the future. We say in the haggadah that the reason we eat matzah is because BN"Y had to run out and did not have time to let the dough rise. Yet even without that reason, they had to eat matzah because Hashem had given them a mitzvah to do so beforehand. Which is it -- the mitzvah or the haste? Answer (according to some of the meforshim at least) is both -- Hashem gave them the mitzvah anticipating the fact that they would have to leave b'chipazon.
ReplyDeleteBeautiful. I put it in, and with a pointing finger, too.
Delete