This is not a deep discussion. I just post it because sometimes, devarim peshutim can be confusing.
The expression "Every bullet has its address" has been attributed to the Kotzker Rov, to Reb Meir Simcha, and to Reb Chaim Brisker.
Here is a page from Eilat Gordon's description of Litteh and Litvishe Gedolim.
In Dvinsk, Reb Meir Simcha wrote his remarkable Torah chiddushim and devoted himself to leading his flock. He was beloved by all members of Dvinsk's society, and many approached him for advice and brachos. His home was open to everyone, and he was attentive to the needs of all his constituents. Although he was offered rabbinical positions in many prestigious cites such as Kovno, Pinsk and even New York, he refused to leave Dvinsk.
His devotion to his flock reached its height during World War I when Dvinsk, which contained a large fortress, was the target of frequent German bombardments.
At that time, many people asked Reb Meir Simcha if they should leave the city, and he would invariably reply, "Every bullet and bomb has an address. If Heaven hasn't decreed that a person be hit, no harm will befall him."
When the danger increased, most of Dvinsk's residents left the city. Only those who lacked the financial means to escape remained behind, along with Reb Meir Simcha, who refused to abandon them.
When his close followers pleaded with him to leave Dvinsk, he replied, "I won't leave my destitute brothers at such a time. I will suffer with them. As long as there are nine other Jews in the city, I will remain and be its tenth man."
During that period, Rav Meir Simcha did his utmost to ease the suffering of his fellow townspeople, encouraging and inspiring them. He took a particular interest in the lot of local women whose husbands were on the battlefront, and would personally help them compose letters to their husbands. He and his wife also addressed their material needs, preparing firewood for them and providing them with money.
eb Meir Simcha's conduct during that period became a guideline for posterity. In one of his letters, Rav Yaakov Yisroel Kaneivsky discusses the futile attempts of people to elude their destinies and to flee to more "secure" places, where they imagine that their chances of being saved are greater. He writes, "It is known that during the war, the gaon Rav Meir Simcha would advise people not to leave [Dvinsk], saying that every bullet has an address."
[The author (Eilat Gordon) is grateful to Rav Asher Bergman, author of "Ha'Or Someach," for his help in preparing this article. http://www.tzemachdovid.org/gedolim/orsomeach.html ]
That there are different attributions is not surprising, because the concept is universal.
The phrase "Every bullet has its billet" was popularized by King William III of England (1650-1702, a friend of the Jews,) who often used the saying to give courage to himself and his troops during battle, believing that no one would die before their time. John Wesley (also a friend of the Jews,) referenced the King's saying in his journals in 1765, and the idiom evolved into the modern colloquial idea of a "bullet with your name on it."
The ibn Ezra in Shoftim clearly does not believe this is true. Devarim 20:7
ארש אשה ולא לקחה. בנשואין והנה זה הכתוב לאות כי יש מי שימות בבא יומו רק המת במלחמה מת בלא יומו על כן אמר דוד או במלחמה ירד ונספה:
To me, the pashtus is like the Netziv in Harcheiv Davar Breishis 37:12, that human intent can shorten an allotted lifespan unless the target has unusually great zechusim.
ולהסביר יותר יש להקדים הא דאיתא בזוהר הק׳ בפ׳ זו דראובן אמר להשליך את יוסף בבור מלא נחשים ועקרבים ולא ירא שיהרגוהו שהיה בטוח על זכותו. והא שהי׳ ירא מן האחים היינו משום דבחירה שבאדם הוא למעלה מהשגחה העליונה. ויש לי ראי׳ מפורשת לזה מדכתיב בדניאל ו׳ בשעה שהשליכו כורש בגוב אריות וחתמא מלכא בעזקתי׳ כדי דלא תשני צבו בדניאל פי׳ הי׳ בטוח שלא יגעו בו אריות שאינם בעלי בחירה. אבל ירא דלא תשני רצון בדניאל. ואמנם חלילה לומר שאין ביד ההשגחה העליונה לשמור גם מבחירת האדם. אלא כך יש לנו לומר דלזה בעינן זכות יותר. והיינו שיהא טוב גם בין אדם לחבירו ויהי׳ צדיק וטוב לו בשביל שהוא צדיק גמור כמש״כ לעיל ריש פ׳ נח בהר״ד.
There is also the yesoidesdikkeh Gaon in Mishlei 22:3 (or here.)
(ג) כי (לעיל יג כג) ׳יש נספה בלא משפט׳ הגזירה עליו, אלא שנספה עם אותו שעליהן נגזר, ולכן הערום מסתיר את עצמו. ופתיים עברו ונענשו ואף שלא נגזר עליהם, אלא מאשר לא סתרו את עצמם, יספו עמהם! וכן בדרך ה׳, צריך האדם להיות רץ כצבי מפח יקוש! כמו: מחבורת הרעים, וממושב הלצים. והערום, כשרואה הרעה, יסתיר את עצמו! אבל הפתיים, עברו שם, ונענשו:
which is, I think, incompatible with Reb Chaim Shmuelevitz's pshat about משפטי השם אמת צדקו יחדיו and הצור תמים פעלו in Drush 98 on page 414.
I am familiar with the Ohr Hachaim in Breishis 37:21 about bechira. and the Zohar thought to be his source, which in my opinion is not relevant at all, but I prefer not to discuss it. I remember Reb Dovid Kronglass saying that what the Ohr HaChaim says is not right, and even if it is right, he was wrong to write it in his sefer. For an excellent discussion of this topic see here.
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