Our Parsha Questions are crafted to be challenging even to Talmidei Chachamim but answerable by anyone who pays careful attention to the Krias HaTorah. I saw this practiced in Marlboro, NJ. They are meant to be presented before Krias HaTorah and answered afterwards, giving everyone the chance to show the answer chapter and verse. I usually include some that are simple so that everyone can participate. I find that it increases attention to Krias HaTorah and is mentally stimulating both for the audience and for me.
Nitzavim
1. The Levush in the halachos of Yamim Noraim, brought by the Taz in תרפ'ב, holds that to say מלוך על כל העולם כולו בכבודך is redundant, and you should just say מלוך על כל העולם, or מלוך על העולם כולו. Bring a raya from our parsha that the Torah does use that form.
2. Another language question. We think of “from x to x” as from beginning to end, like from a to z, from soup to nuts (we would say "from gefilte fish to compot,) or from top to bottom. But when Avraham told the king of Sedom that he wanted nothing from him, he said מחוט ועד שרוך נעל, from a thread to a leather strap, both trifling items. Apparently, it was used for emphasis, to mean “absolutely nothing,” like gornisht mit gornisht. Where do we find the same expression in this week’s parsha.
3. The word for master, מר, is a homonym for the word for bitter. Where do we find the same kind of homonym in this week's parsha, where the same word is used for master and for bitter.
4. In last week's parsha, the dikduk of Sefer Torah is feminine.
28:61, גם כל חלי וכל מכה אשר לא כתוב בספר התורה הזאת
Find where in this week's parsha, Sefer Torah is masculine.
5. Only in this parsha are we told that Sedom and Amora had sister cities that were destroyed along with them. What are their names?
6. Pesukim in our parsha that say that if you sincerely resolve to do teshuva, then Hashem will help you do it.
7. A passuk about teshuva in our parsha that hints to the name of the month before Rosh Hashanna.
Vayeilech
1. There is an opinion among the Rishonim that a Geir is not obligated to come to the Beis HaMikdash for Aliyah l'Regel, because he does not own land from the division of Eretz Yisrael, and the Gemara in Pesachim 8b says that only those who own land are chayav in Aliyah l'Regel. Some Rishonim disagree, and say he is chayav- the Rambam does not bring any such petur and the Meiri clearly says he is chayav. But assuming that he is pattur from Aliyah l'Regel, there is one regel when he has to be in Yerushalayim and one where he has to be in the Beis HaMikdash. What are they?
2. Does the Torah obligate people to go to the Mikdash for Hakhel.
3. Find a remez for techiyas hameisim in the parsha.
Netzavim
1. The Levush in the halachos of Yamim Noraim, brought by the Taz in תרפ'ב, holds that to say מלוך על כל העולם כולו בכבודך is redundant, and you should just say מלוך על כל העולם, or מלוך על העולם כולו. Bring a raya from our parsha that the Torah does use that form.
אַתֶּם נִצָּבִים הַיּוֹם כֻּלְּכֶם לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם רָאשֵׁיכֶם שִׁבְטֵיכֶם זִקְנֵיכֶם וְשֹׁטְרֵיכֶם כֹּל אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל׃
טַפְּכֶם נְשֵׁיכֶם וְגֵרְךָ אֲשֶׁר בְּקֶרֶב מַחֲנֶיךָ מֵחֹטֵב עֵצֶיךָ עַד שֹׁאֵב מֵימֶיךָ
The passuk itemizes everyone, and it could have skipped כולכם. You see that this is an acceptable style of speech. All of you: x, y, and z.
According to the Rama miPano brought in Reb Akiva Eiger on Chulin 4b, the word "kol," even in Tanach, is not meant to be taken literally. I realized this when working on קרוב השם לכל קוראיו לכל אשר יקראוהו באמת.
In light of Rosh Hashannah, this is a perfect example of סקירא אחת and כבני מרון. As a group-כולכם. But equally, an examination of every individual -כל איש ישראל.
2. Another language question.
We think of “from x to x” as from beginning to end, like from a to z, from soup to nuts (we would say "from gefilte fish to compot,) or from top to bottom. But when Avraham told the king of Sedom that he wanted nothing from him, he said מחוט ועד שרוך נעל, from a thread to a leather strap, both trifling items. Apparently, it was used for emphasis, to mean “absolutely nothing,” like gornisht mit gornisht. Where do we find the same expression in this week’s parsha.
In 29:10.
טַפְּכֶ֣ם נְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם וְגֵ֣רְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֶ֑יךָ מֵחֹטֵ֣ב עֵצֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד שֹׁאֵ֥ב מֵימֶֽיךָ׃
In light of Rosh Hashannah, I think the point is that
הלא כל הגיבורים כאין לפניך ואנשי השם כלא היו. וחכמים כבלי מדע ונבונים כבלי השכל כי רוב מעשינו תוהו וימי חיינו הבל לפניך ומותר האדם מן הבהמה אין
that every human being stands in judgment before the Ribono shel Olam, from the greatest to the least, all face the same judgment. And who knows who is favored? We can not know from our human eyes.
האדם יראה לעיניים וה' יראה ללבב
and in Shamayim, in the world of truth,
עליונים למטה ותחתונים למעלה.
The same span we see between a king and a child might exist between the two who we see as the lowest, the chotev eitzim and the shoev mayim.
3. The word for master, מר, is a homonym for the word for bitter. Where do we find the same kind of homonym in this week's parsha, where the same word is used for master and for bitter.
29:9
אתם נצבים היום כלכם לפני ה' אלהיכם ראשיכם שבטיכם זקניכם ושטריכם כל איש ישראל
29:17
פן יש בכם שרש פורה ראש ולענה
4. In last week's parsha, the dikduk of Sefer Torah is feminine.
28:61, גם כל חלי וכל מכה אשר לא כתוב בספר התורה הזאת
Find where in this week's parsha, Sefer Torah is masculine.
29:20, הכתובה בספר התורה הזה
Rashi explains
הכתובה בספר התורה הזה. וּלְמַעְלָה הוּא אוֹמֵר "גַּם כָּל חֳלִי וְכָל מַכָּה … בְּסֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת"? הַזֹּאת — לְשׁוֹן נְקֵבָה מוּסָב אֶל הַתּוֹרָה, הַזֶּה — לְשׁוֹן זָכָר מוּסָב אֶל הַסֵּפֶר, וְעַל יְדֵי פִסּוּק הַטְּעָמִים הֵן נֶחֱלָקִין לִשְׁתֵּי לְשׁוֹנוֹת, בְּפָרָשַׁת הַקְּלָלוֹת הַטִּפְּחָא נְתוּנָה תַּחַת בְּסֵפֶר, וְהַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת דְּבוּקִים זֶה לָזֶה, לְכָךְ אָמַר הַזֹּאת, וְכָאן הַטִּפְּחָא נְתוּנָה תַּחַת הַתּוֹרָה, נִמְצָא סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה דְּבוּקִים זֶה לָזֶה, לְפִיכָךְ לְשׁוֹן זָכָר נוֹפֵל אַחֲרָיו, שֶׁהַלָּשׁוֹן נוֹפֵל עַל הַסֵּפֶר:
In the first, it is tipcha meircha. In the second, it is meircha tipcha. Mercha begins a phrase, tipcha is a separator.
אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א כָת֔וּב בְּסֵ֖פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את
הַכְּתוּבָ֕ה בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֖ה הַזֶּֽה
But this explanation really explains nothing. The difference in trop is a consequence of a difference in meaning. What remains to be seen is why did the Torah change the description of Sefer Torah from Sefer (Torah) to (Sefer) Torah?
I do not know.
5. Only in this parsha are we told that Sedom and Amora had sister cities that were destroyed along with them. What are their names?
29:22, Adma and Tzevoyim, from the five city axis of בֶּרַע מֶלֶךְ סְדֹם, בִּרְשַׁע מֶלֶךְ עֲמֹרָה, שִׁנְאָב מֶלֶךְ אַדְמָה, שֶׁמְאֵבֶר מֶלֶךְ צביים, וּמֶלֶךְ בֶּלַע הִיא צֹעַר.
Reb Chaim Kanievsky asks why Tzoar was not mentioned here, and he says that it was destroyed in a different manner.
6. Pesukim in our parsha that say that if you sincerely resolve to do teshuva, then Hashem will help you do it.
30:2,
וְשַׁבְתָּ עַד ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ בְקֹלוֹ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ בְּכׇל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכׇל נַפְשֶׁךָ׃
30:6,
וּמָל ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת לְבָבְךָ וְאֶת לְבַב זַרְעֶךָ לְאַהֲבָה אֶת ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ לְמַעַן חַיֶּיךָ.
Ramban-
וּמָל ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת לְבָבְךָ, זֶהוּ שֶׁאָמְרוּ (שבת קד) הַבָּא לִטָּהֵר מְסַיְּעִין אוֹתוֹ, מַבְטִיחֲךָ שֶׁתָּשׁוּב אֵלָיו בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ, וְהוּא יַעֲזֹר אוֹתְךָ.
7. A passuk about teshuva in our parsha that hints to the name of the month before Rosh Hashanna.
30:6,
וּמָל ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת לְבָבְךָ וְאֶת לְבַב זַרְעֶךָ לְאַהֲבָה אֶת ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ לְמַעַן חַיֶּיךָ.
True, the name of the month is not lashon hakodesh and has no more kedusha than Yom Rishon being called Sunday. But I think that simanim were put into the Torah in anticipation of the name the Jewish People will actually use, no less than references to individuals who would be born and named thousands of years later or countries that did not exist at the time of Mattan Torah. Also, once you know that the names of Malachim also came from Bavel, it should be obvious that they have true significance, no less than מנצפ'ך. As the Satmarer says in his Tshuvos Divrei Yoel (OC 15)
ובמ״ר שם ר"ל אומר אף שמות המלאכים עלו מבבל ונראה קצת דבחדא מחתא מחתינהו שמות המלאכים ושמות החדשים ושמות המלאכים בוודאי אינו אלא "התגלות" משמים
In light of Rosh Hashannah, it's kedai to remember how the Kitzur organized them.
קיצור שלחן ערוך קכ״ח:א׳
עוֹד אָמְרוּ דּוֹרְשֵׁי רְשׁוּמוֹת, וּמָל ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת לְבָבְךָ וְאֶת לְבַב זַרְעֶךָ, רָאשֵׁי תֵּבוֹת אֱלוּל.
וְכֵן אֲנִי לְדוֹדִי וְדוֹדִי לִי, רָאשֵׁי תֵּבוֹת אֱלוּל.
וְכֵן אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ וּמַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים רָאשֵׁי תֵּבוֹת אֱלוּל.
רֶמֶז לִשְׁלֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים, שֶׁהֵם, תְּשׁוּבָה, תְּפִלָּה וּצְדָקָה, שֶׁצְרִיכִין לְהִזְדָּרֵז בָּהֶם בְּחֹדֶשׁ זֶה. וּמָל ה' וְגוֹ' רוֹמֵז לִתְשׁוּבָה. אֲנִי לְדוֹדִי וְגוֹ' רוֹמֵז לִתְפִלָּה, שֶׁהִיא רִנַּת דּוֹדִים. אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ וּמַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים, רוֹמֵז לִצְדָקָה.
I would only add וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא צָדָה וְהָאֱלֹהִים אִנָּה לְיָדוֹ וְשַׂמְתִּי לְךָ מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יָנוּס שָׁמָּה מקום, the reference to Arei Miklat, in that the month of Elul and the Yamim Noraim are the refuge for one who wants to be saved from his terrible fate.
Vayeilech
1. There is an opinion among the Rishonim that a Geir is not obligated to come to the Beis HaMikdash for Aliyah l'Regel, because he does not own land from the division of Eretz Yisrael, and the Gemara in Pesachim 8b says that only those who own land are chayav in Aliyah l'Regel. Some Rishonim disagree, and say he is chayav- the Rambam does not bring any such petur and the Meiri clearly says he is chayav. But assuming that he is pattur from Aliyah l'Regel, there is one regel when he has to be in Yerushalayim and one where he has to be in the Beis HaMikdash. What are they?
He has to be in Yerushalayim on Pesach. All but one Rishon, Tosfos in Pesachim 2b mei'alyah, say that land is not necessary for the chiyuv korban.
From our parsha - 31:12. He has to be in the Beis HaMikdash on Sukkos in the year of Shemittah, for Hakhel. The Torah says clearly וגרך אשר בשעריך that Geirim do have to be there. (Taama d'Kra.)
It is true that the Rambam (3 Chagiga 2) says כל הפטור מן הראיה פטור ממצות הקהל חוץ מן הנשים והטף והערל and does not mention Geirim, but that is because he holds that Geirim are chayav in R'iyah.
2. Does the Torah obligate people to go to the Mikdash for Hakhel.
The pesukim say (31:11-12)
תקרא את התורה הזאת נגד כל ישראל באזניהם
הקהל את העם האנשים והנשים והטף וגרך אשר בשעריך למען ישמעו ולמען ילמדו
Some people see this as a machlokes Rambam saying it's only an obligation on the king and the leaders to gather the people, and the Chinuch who says every person is obligated to pay attention. Rambam Asei 16-
היא שצונו להקהיל את העם ביום השני של סכות במוצאי שמטה ולקרוא קצת פרשיות ממשנה תורה באזניהם
Chinuch 612-
שנצטוינו שיקהל עם ישראל כלו אנשים ונשים וטף, במוצאי שנת השמטה בחג הסכות
I don't accept that the Rambam means that. Why would he argue on the Gemara in Kiddushin 34 that says that women would be pattur because of Zeman Grama if not for the explicit obligation. Also, how can it be that the king has an obligation to teach, but the people have no obligation to be taught. There is no reason to say something when it is so obvious. It's kal vachomer bigger than למה לי קרא, סברא הוא.
The same question would apply to Birkas Kohanim. The Kohanim definitely have a mitzvah. Do the people have a mitzva to be present? Same issue.
Whatever you feel about this question, some want to relate this to the question about our Krias HaTorah, whether it is a personal obligation for individuals- Biur Halacha 146:2 dh יוש מתירים and Igros OC IV:23, or an obligation on the Tzibur as a whole that Krias HaTorah must take place in a minyan- Rosh Brachos 1:7 and Tzitz Eliezer 18:5, that as long as a minyan is paying attention, you can be maavir sedra or do the daf.
On this topic, there is a Chasam Sofer who strongly emphasizes that the Mitzva of Hakhel requires that you pay attnetion to every single word. In the Drashos page 26 he asks that bringing the children is good for the children, but the fathers are going to try to explain what the king is saying to their children, and they won't be able to pay proper attention to their own mitzva. They might hear it, technically, but it will be מתעסק, and they will not be yotzei. He learns this is the Gemara's question of טף למה הן באין. Here is his answer:
אמנם כן הוא בטבע בני אברהם אבינו כ''א מתאוה וחושק להעמיד בנו לעמוד חזק ביראת השם ותורתו כדכתיב באאע''ה כי ידעתיו למען אשר יצוה את בניו אחריו ושמרו ואע''פ שעי''ז הוא מפסיד לעצמו מ''מ כאשר בוער בו תשוקה זו ללמוד לבניו תורת ה' ויראתו ובאמת מפסיד מ''ע של עצמו דכוונת מצות חינוךמפסיד כוונת מצוה של עצמו אך לעומת זה שכרו של האב גדול יותר ויותר על שהפסיד לעצמו כדי להעמיד בן צדיק ות'''ח, והיינו כדי ליתן שכר למביאהם
Yes, he won't be yotzei. But it's worth it to lose this once in seven year national gathering mitzvah of Torah b'Rabbim in order to be mechaneich your children.
3. Find a remez for techiyas hameisim in the parsha.
31:16, הנך שוכב עם אבותיך וקם from San 90b.
But it depends on the punctuation, whether the וקם ends the first phrase or begins the next one, וקם העם הזה וזנה. We hold that since the word וקם is אין לו הכרע, the pshat in the pasuk is correct either way so it is a raya to techiyas hameisim (Maharsha there in Sanhedrin.) The minim held that it's either/or, and only one is correct, so it's no raya.
שאלו מינין את רבן גמליאל מניין שהקדוש ברוך הוא מחיה מתים אמר להם מן התורה ומן הנביאים ומן הכתובים ולא קיבלו ממנו מן התורה דכתיב (דברים לא, טז) ויאמר ה' אל משה הנך שוכב עם אבותיך וקם. אמרו לו ודילמא וקם העם הזה וזנה.
ה.
